Day8: 单词作业
Phrases
1. look to
to hope that sb will provide sth for you
To manage the risks, look to economics rarher than technology.
They looked to the government for additional support.
2. bake into 把……加入到……
The arrival of the " Internet of Things" will see computers baked into everything.
3. of all stripes/ of every stripe
of all types
Companies of all stripes should embrace initiatives like " bug bounty" programmes.
Governments of every stripe (= of all political opinions) have a bad habit of interfering in state broadcasting.
4. be compounded by
to make a problem or a difficult situation worse
Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.
be compounded with
Most tyres are made of rubber compounded with other chemicals and materials.
5. spark calls for
Terrorist attacks often spark calls for encryption to be weakened.
6. be served by 对最有利的是...
Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
Rather than support America, European "allies" increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible.
This suggests that small, open economies may be best served by fixed exchange rates.
7. in force
( of laws, rules, or systems) existing and being used
Reporting laws, already in force in some American states, can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.
New driving regulations are going to come into force this year.
in large numbers
Photographers were out in force at the palace today.
8. butt up against
As computers spread to products covered by established liability arrangements, the industry's disclaimers will increasingly butt up against existing laws.
9. draw comparisons to
the fact of considering sth similar or of equal quality to sth else (similarity)
Many computer-security experts draw comparisons to the American car industry in the 1960s, which had ignored safety for decades.
She drew a comparison between life in the army and life in prison.
bear/ stand comparison with
He's a good writer but he doesn't bear/ stand comparison with Shakespeare.(= he is not nearly as good as Shakespeare.)
make a comparison
the act of comparing two or more people or things (difference)
They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits.
by/ in comparison with
By/ In comparison with the French, the British eat far Less fish.
10. come down hard with 严厉惩罚
The following year the government came down hard with rules on seatbelts, headrests and the like.
17. go bankrupt 破产 SYN: insolvent
A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
18. free rein
the freedom to do, say, or feel what you want
Silicon Valley's fruitful " go fast and break things" style of innovation is possible only if firms have relatively free rein to put out New products while they still need perfecting.
The young film-maker was given free rein to experiment with themes and techniques.
Words
1. takeover (n) 收购 SYN: merger and acquisition 收购兼并
a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its share
the $4.8bn takeover of Yahoo, an internet firm, by Verizon, a telecoms firm
There were involved in a takeover last year.
make a takeover bid for sth
to try to get control of sth
The company made a takeover bid for a rival firm.
2. derail
to prevent a plan or process from succeeding
The takeover of Yahoo was nearly derailed by two enormous data breaches.
Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.
3. interfere
to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful
Russian hackers interfered in the American presidential election.
interfere with sth
to prevent sth from working effectively or from developing successfully
Even a law level of noise interferes with my concentration.
4. extort (v)
to get sth by force or threat, or with difficulty
He had been extorting money from the old lady for years.
Police have not so far been able to extort a confession from the people accused of the bombing.
extortion
Away from the headlines, a black market in computerised extortion, hacking-for-hire and stolen digital goods is booming.
He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion.(= by forceful methods)
5. prosthetics 假体 insulin pump 胰岛素泵 pacemaker （心脏）起搏器
6. gadget SYN: gizmo 小玩意儿
a small device or machine with a particular purpose
There is little evidence that these gadgets will be any more trustworthy than their desktop counterparts.
Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's separating egg yolks from whites.
7. wizardry
clever or surprising ways of doing things, esp with special machines
It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.
8. vigilance
more careful attention, esp in order to notice possible danger
The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.
9. cultivated
describes sb who has had a good education and knows a lot about art, music, painting, etc.
That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia（偏执狂） which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
10. illicit
illegal or disapproved of by society
The average program has 14 separate vulnerabilities, each of them a potential point of illicit entry.
11. incentive
sth which encourages a person to do sth
But societies have developed ways of managing such risk- from government regulation to the use of legal liability and insurance to create incentives for safer behavior.
There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.
12. encrypt (v)
(usually passive) to change electronic information or signals into a secret code
Your financial information is fully encrypted and cannot be accessed.
encryption (n)
Terrorist attacks spark calls for encryption to be weakened so that the security services can better monitor what individuals are up to.
13. hamper
to prevent sb doing sth easily
A lack of expertise will always hamper the ability of users of computers to protect themselves.
Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.
14. fix
something that solves a problem解决方法
They could insist that internet-connected gizmos be updated with fixes when flaws ars found.
Robinson called the proposal a quick fix(= a temporary or easy solution ) of limited value.
权宜之计
be in a fix (be in a mess）陷入困境，麻烦
to have a problem that is difficult to solve
We’re going to be in a real fix if we miss that bus.
That’s put us in a fix.
15. default (n) 违约，未履行义务
failure to do something that you are supposed to do according to the law or because it is your duty law
They could force users to change default usernames and passwords.
16. oblige
to force sb to do sth
Reporting laws can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.
oblige sb with sth
to help sb by giving them sth
Could you oblige me with a pen, please?
17. infect
to pass harmful programs from one computer to another
Networks of computers are infected with malware.(恶意软件）（Trojan horse virus木马病毒）
A computer virus may lurk unseen in a computer's memory, calling up and infecting each of the machine's data files in turn.
18. disclaim
to say that you have no responsibility for, or knowledge of sth
The software industry has for decades disclaimed liability for the harm when its products go wrong.
disclaimer
a formal statement
As computers spread to products covered by established liability arrangements, the industry's disclaimers will increasingly butt up against existing laws.
19. moot
(adj) often discussed or argued about and having no real answer
But this point will soon be moot.
It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion.
(v) to suggest sth for discussion
The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
(n) a moot court 模拟法庭
20. excoriate
to write or say that a play, a book, a political action, etc is very bad
A bestselling book exposed and excoriated the industry's lax (松懈的）attitude.
The president excoriated the Western press for their biased views.
His latest novel received excoriating reviews.
21. clamour
a loud complaint about sth or a demand for sth
Now imagine the clamour forl egislation after the first child fatality(死亡） involving self-driving cars.
loud noise
the clamour of the city
22. premium 保险费
insurance premiums
23. prod
to push, to encourage sb to take action, esp when they are being slow or unwilling
A firm will find its premiums rising, prodding it to solve the problem.
He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.
24. recourse (n)
using sth or sb as a way of getting help, esp in a difficult or dangerous situation
A firm that take reasonable steps to make things safe will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
without recourse to sth 不用借助....
It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation.（诉讼）
Day9: 逻辑导图+神句翻译
句子翻译
1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人们很愿意相信更多的科技和更高的关注度可以解决安全问题。
2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-te firms.
这就需要一种近乎偏执的才华，显然非科技公司不具备这种资质。
3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
互联网历史上，安全问题永远都不是第一要务，这使得这种缺点雪上加霜。
4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
加密技术需要强大到服务于所有人才能保证计算机的安全。
5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
一个按部就班采取安保措施的公司将会依赖保险支出来避免破产，只不过，或多或少的会做出妥协。
6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
但是通过设定最低标准就只能做到这种程度了。
7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
硅谷的这种“快速发展，打破传统”的创新方式只有在公司能自由的推出新产品，同时不断完善自己的条件下才可行。
词组翻译
Take security serious enough:足够重视安全问题
Take advantage of:占便宜
Point of illicit entry:违法条款
Create incentives for safer behavior:鼓励实施更安全的行为
Refrain from doing sth:避免
Spark calls for:号召
Hamper the ability of:降低……的能力
Oblige sb to do sth:要求某人做……
Disclaim liability for:推卸……的责任
Draw comparisons to:类似于……
Lax attitude:态度懒散
Come down hard with:加强……
思维导图
Day10: 总结反思
句子翻译对比
1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人们很愿意相信更多的科技和更高的关注度可以解决安全问题。
通过利用更多尖端技术并提高警觉能解决安全问题---这一想法十分诱人。
拆分成两个句子表达更流畅
2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
这就需要一种近乎偏执的才华，显然非科技公司不具备这种资质。
这就需要一种刻意培养的偏执，但非技术型的公司并不会自然而然的具备这一特质。
cultivated paranoia没有理解
3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
互联网历史上，安全问题永远都不是第一要务，这使得这种缺点雪上加霜。
互联网的历史使得这一弱点雪上加霜，一直以来，人们都是事后才会考虑安全性的问题。
与笃师翻译的顺序不同，但好像都行的通
4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
加密技术需要强大到服务于所有人才能保证计算机的安全。
为所有人提供强化加密是最有利于计算机安全的。
be served by 没有翻译出“有利于”的意思
5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
一个按部就班采取安保措施的公司将会依赖保险支出来避免破产，只不过，或多或少的会做出妥协。
采取合理措施加强安全但仍然受到侵害的公司，可以向保险公司索赔以避免破产。
compromise理解偏差，insurance payment翻译腔严重，因为缺乏经济学领域的相关知识
6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
但是通过设定最低标准就只能做到这种程度了。
但是制定最低标准的作用也很局限。
get you only so far没有翻译出“作用有限”的意思
7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
硅谷的这种“快速发展，打破传统”的创新方式只有在公司能自由的推出新产品，同时不断完善自己的条件下才可行。
硅谷“快速行动勇于突破”的创新理念行得通的前提在于：公司有相对自由的权利推出尚未完善的产品。
while they still need perfecting理解偏差
词组翻译
Take security serious enough:足够重视安全问题
Take advantage of:占便宜；利用
Point of illicit entry:违法条款；非法侵入点
Create incentives for safer behavior:鼓励实施更安全的行为；创建鼓励安全行为的激励方案
Refrain from doing sth:避免；克制做...
Spark calls for:号召;激发对...的呼声
Hamper the ability of:降低……的能力；削弱...的能力
Oblige sb to do sth:要求某人做……；强制某人干某事
Disclaim liability for:推卸……的责任；豁免...的责任
Draw comparisons to:类似于……；与...对比
Lax attitude:态度懒散；松散的态度
Come down hard with:加强……；严厉惩罚
扩展积累
1. cultivate 培养
to work hard to develop a particular skill, attitude, or quality
Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive attitude to life.
The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image.
2. get you far 作用巨大
Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.
get you only so far 作用有限
But setting minimum standards will gets you only so far.
But hard work will only get you so far, the rest is genetic, according to an expert.
（这句话让我想起：" Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.")
4. put out= launch a new product 发布新产品
5. 重视
take sth seriously
The incentives to take computer security seriously are too weak.
pay attention to; attach importance to
心得总结
文章结构：我将文章分成三个部分：现状；可能的解决措施；规避风险的途径。现状下面包括几起严重的黑客侵入事件；猖獗的“黑市”；日趋严重的问题（从网络上的虚拟产品延伸到现实生活中的产品和活生生的人）；要想完全保证网络安全是不可能的。可能的解决措施有两个：更多的尖端技术和更高的警觉性。规避风险的途径有三：政府监管；法律问责制度和保险索赔；激励措施。
没有其他时间发感慨了，只想抓住满满的干货。继续努力。
