并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中, 这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
常见的并列连词
1. and
(1)and 作并列连词, 意为“和, 并且”, 当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时, 一般在最后两者之间加 and, 其余用逗号分开。
He bought a book and a pen. 他买了一本书和一支笔。
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. 固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。
(2)go (come, stop 等) + and + 动词, and + 动词相当于in order to + 动词。
I'll go and bring back your boots.= I'll go in order to bring back your boots. 我去把你的靴子拿来。
(3)“and + 同一动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”。
We waited and waited. 我们等呀等。
(4)“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”相当于“if 从句 + 主句”。
Work hard and you will succeed.= If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作, 你就会成功。
One more time ( =Give me one more time) and I will succeed.=
If you give me one more time, I will succeed. 再给我一次机会, 我就会成功。
2. or
(1)or 表示选择, 意为“或, 还是”。
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡?
Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机?
(2)“祈使句 + or (else) + 陈述句”相当于“if...not + 主句”。
Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.= If you don't hurry up, you'll be late for school.
赶快, 否则你上学就要迟到了。
Dress warmly, or else you'll catch cold. 穿暖和点, 否则你会感冒的。
3. 表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有 but, yet, whereas, while 等。
Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.
简说她生病了, 但刚才我在街上看到了她。
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐, 而我喜欢民间音乐。
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究结果令人满意, 然而其他的则不然。
此外 but 还可用于“I'm sorry but...”, “Excuse me but...” 句型中。
I am sorry but I won't be able to come tonight. 对不起我今晚不能来。
4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有 so, for 等。
It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了, 因为到处都是湿的。
The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了, 所以我没买到牛奶。
5. when 也可用作并列连词, 意为“那时, 这时”, 相当于and at this/ that time。常用于下列句式:
① sb. was doing sth. when...;
②sb. was about to do/ going to do/ on the point of doing sth. when...;
③sb. had just done sth. when...。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正在开会, 这时有人闯了进来。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身, 突然下起了雨。
I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.
我刚写完作业, Tom 就来找我了。
6. 表示并列关系的有 both...and..., not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等。
He spoke with both kindness and understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。
The point is not who said the words, but whether they are true or not. 关键不是谁说了这些话而是这些话是不是对的。
Either you are mad or I am.( = Either you are mad or I am mad.)不是你疯了就是我疯了。
Neither Tom nor Helen is hardworking. 汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。
Not only men but also women were chosen. 选中的不仅有男性还有女性。
题组训练 用并列连词填空
①Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home?
②There are many kinds of sports, but my favorite is swimming.
③Henry is very smart, so many of his classmates like him.
④Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
⑤Hurry up or you will be late for the bus.
