一、FlexBox布局
-
FlexBox是什么?
弹性盒模型(The Flexible Box Module),又叫Flexbox,意为“弹性布局”,旨在通过弹性的方式来对齐和分布容器中内容的空间,使其能适应不同屏幕,为盒装模型提供最大的灵活性。
Flex布局主要思想是:让容器有能力让其子项目能够改变其宽度、高度(甚至是顺序),以最佳方式填充可用空间;
React native中的FlexBox是这个规范的一个子集。
二、Flexbox在开发中的应用场景
-
Flexbox在布局中能够解决什么问题?
浮动布局
各种机型屏幕的适配
水平和垂直居中
自动分配宽度
...... -
在CSS中,常规的布局是基于块和内联流方向,而Flex布局是基于flex-flow流,下图很好解释了Flex布局的思想
容器默认存在两根轴:水平的主轴(
main axis
)和垂直的交叉轴(cross axis
)。主轴的开始位置(与边框的交叉点)叫做main star
t,结束位置叫做main end
;交叉轴的开始位置叫做cross start
,结束位置叫做cross end
。项目默认沿主轴排列。单个项目占据的主轴空间叫做
main size
,占据的交叉轴空间叫做cross size
。
三、Flexbox的常用属性
容器属性
-
flexDirection:
row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse
该属性决定主轴的方向(即项目的排列方向)。
主要是父视图来控制子视图的显示row
:主轴为水平方向,起点在左端;
row-reverse
:主轴为水平方向,起点在右端;
column
(默认值):主轴为垂直方向,起点在上沿。
column-reverse
:主轴为垂直方向,起点在下沿。
export default class meituanDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.contains}>
<View style={styles.title}>
<Text style={{width: 80, textAlign: 'center'}}>row</Text>
<Text style={{width: 80, textAlign: 'center'}}>row-reverse</Text>
<Text style={{width: 80, textAlign: 'center'}}>column</Text>
<Text style={{width: 80, textAlign: 'center'}}>column-reverse</Text>
</View>
<View style={styles.example}>
<View style={styles.one}>
<View style={styles.top}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.bottom}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.two}>
<View style={styles.top}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.bottom}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.three}>
<View style={styles.top}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.bottom}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.four}>
<View style={styles.top}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.bottom}>
</View>
</View>
</View>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'column',
// justifyContent: 'space-around',
// alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1
},
title: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
height: 30,
marginTop: 200
},
example: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
height: 200,
},
one: {
backgroundColor: 'yellow',
width: 80,
height: 200,
flexDirection: 'row'
},
two: {
backgroundColor: 'purple',
width: 80,
height: 200,
flexDirection: 'row-reverse'
},
three: {
backgroundColor: 'blue',
width: 80,
height: 200,
flexDirection: 'column'
},
four: {
backgroundColor: 'red',
width: 80,
height: 200,
flexDirection: 'column-reverse'
},
top: {
backgroundColor: 'green',
flex: 1
},
middle: {
backgroundColor: 'black',
flex: 1
},
bottom: {
backgroundColor: 'orange',
flex: 1
}
});
- justifyContent:
flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around
定义了伸缩项目在主轴线的对齐方式:
flex-start(默认值):伸缩项目向一行的起始位置靠齐。
flex-end:伸缩项目向一行的结束位置靠齐。
center:伸缩项目向一行的中间位置靠齐。
space-between:两端对齐,项目之间的间隔都相等。
space-around:伸缩项目会平均地分布在行里,两端保留一半的空间。
export default class meituanDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.contains}>
<View style={styles.title}>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>flex-start</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>flex-end</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>center</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>space-between</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>space-around</Text>
</View>
<View style={styles.example}>
<View style={styles.one}>
<View style={styles.left}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.right}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.two}>
<View style={styles.left}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.right}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.three}>
<View style={styles.left}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.right}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.four}>
<View style={styles.left}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.right}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.five}>
<View style={styles.left}>
</View>
<View style={styles.middle}>
</View>
<View style={styles.right}>
</View>
</View>
</View>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1
},
title: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
width: 100,
height: 300
},
example: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flex: 1,
height: 300,
},
one: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-start',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
two: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-end',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
three: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'center',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
four: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-between',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
five: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
left: {
backgroundColor: 'green',
width: 50
},
middle: {
backgroundColor: 'black',
width: 50
},
right: {
backgroundColor: 'orange',
width: 50
}
});
- alignItems:
flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch
定义项目在交叉轴上如何对齐,可以把其想像成侧轴(垂直于主轴)的“对齐方式”。
flex-start:交叉轴的起点对齐。
flex-end:交叉轴的终点对齐 。
center:交叉轴的中点对齐。
baseline:项目的第一行文字的基线对齐。
stretch(默认值):如果项目未设置高度或设为auto,将占满整个容器的高度。
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1
},
title: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
width: 100,
height: 300
},
example: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flex: 1,
height: 300,
},
one: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-start',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'flex-start'
},
two: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-end',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'flex-end'
},
three: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'center',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'center'
},
four: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-between',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'baseline'
},
five: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'stretch'
},
left: {
backgroundColor: 'green',
width: 50,
height: 30
},
middle: {
backgroundColor: 'black',
width: 50,
height: 20
},
right: {
backgroundColor: 'orange',
width: 50,
height: 50
}
});
- flexWrap:
nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse
默认情况下,项目都排在一条线(又称"轴线")上。flex-wrap属性定义,如果一条轴线排不下,如何换行。
nowrap(默认值):不换行。
wrap:换行,第一行在上方。
export default class meituanDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.contains}>
<View style={styles.title}>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>nowrap(默认值)</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>wrap</Text>
</View>
<View style={styles.example}>
<View style={styles.one}>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
</View>
<View style={styles.two}>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
<View style={{backgroundColor: 'green',width: 50,height: 20,marginLeft:10,marginTop:2}}>
</View>
</View>
</View>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1
},
title: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
width: 100,
height: 300
},
example: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flex: 1,
height: 300,
},
one: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-start',
flexDirection: 'row',
flexWrap: 'nowrap'
},
two: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'flex-end',
flexDirection: 'row',
flexWrap: 'wrap'
},
three: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'center',
flexDirection: 'row',
},
four: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-between',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'baseline'
},
five: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flexDirection: 'row',
alignItems: 'stretch'
},
left: {
backgroundColor: 'green',
width: 50,
height: 30
},
middle: {
backgroundColor: 'black',
width: 50,
height: 20
},
right: {
backgroundColor: 'orange',
width: 50,
height: 50
}
});
-
元素属性
- flex
flex
属性是flex-grow
,flex-shrink
和flex-basis
的简写,默认值为0 1 auto
。后两个属性可选。 默认值为“0 1 auto
”。
宽度 = 弹性宽度 * ( flexGrow / sum( flexGorw ) )
- alignSelf: “
auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch
”
align-self
属性允许单个项目有与其他项目不一样的对齐方式,可覆盖align-items
属性。默认值为auto
,表示继承父元素的align-items
属性,如果没有父元素,则等同于stretch
。
- flex
四、在React Native 中使用FlexlBox布局
- 获取当前屏幕的宽度、高度和scale
var {width, height, scale} = Dimensions.get('window')
export default class meituanDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.contains}>
<Text style={styles.welcome}>
当前屏幕的宽度:{width + '\n'}
当前屏幕的高度:{height + '\n'}
当前屏幕的scale:{scale + '\n'}
</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'center',
alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1,
},
welcome: {
textAlign: 'center',
flex: 1
}
});
- 水平居中,垂直居中和水平垂直居中
export default class meituanDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.contains}>
<View style={styles.title}>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>水平居中</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>垂直居中</Text>
<Text style={{height: 30, textAlign: 'center'}}>水平垂直居中</Text>
</View>
<View style={styles.example}>
<View style={styles.one}>
<Image source={{uri:'http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3795/9269794168_3ac58fc15c_b.jpg'}} style={{width:30,height:30}} />
</View>
<View style={styles.two}>
<Image source={{uri:'http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3795/9269794168_3ac58fc15c_b.jpg'}} style={{width:30,height:30}} />
</View>
<View style={styles.three}>
<Image source={{uri:'http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3795/9269794168_3ac58fc15c_b.jpg'}} style={{width:30,height:30}} />
</View>
</View>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
contains: {
flexDirection: 'row',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
flex: 1
},
title: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
alignItems: 'center',
width: 100,
height: 300
},
example: {
flexDirection: 'column',
justifyContent: 'space-around',
flex: 1,
height: 300,
},
one: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
alignItems: 'center'
},
two: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
justifyContent: 'center',
},
three: {
backgroundColor: 'gray',
height: 50,
alignItems: 'center',
justifyContent: 'center',
}
});
备注:一旦设置
alignItems
属性之后,组件的大小包裹随着内容的尺寸;此外水平居中和垂直居中还要结合FlexDirection
进行判断。