Within-subjects Design: A research design that uses each participant as his or her own control; for example, the behavior of an experimental participant before receiving treatment might be compared to his or her behavior after receiving treatment.

受试者内部设计：使每个参与者作为他或她自己的控制的研究设计；例如，实验参与者在接受治疗前的行为可能与他或她接受治疗后的行为相比较。

Working Memory: A memory resource that is used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language comprehension; consists of the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.

工作记忆：用于完成推理和语言理解等任务的记忆资源；由语音回路、视觉空间画板和中央执行系统组成。

Zygote: The single cell that results when a sperm fertilizes an egg.

受精卵：精子与卵子受精后形成的单细胞。