Object.create()实现经典继承
const person = {
isHuman: false,
printIntroduction: function () {
console.log(`My name is ${this.name}. Am I human? ${this.isHuman}`);
}
};
const me = Object.create(person);
me.name = "Matthew"; // "name" is a property set on "me", but not on "person"
me.isHuman = true; // inherited properties can be overwritten
me.printIntroduction();
// expected output: "My name is Matthew. Am I human? true"
Object.prototype.toString.call(me) // "[object Object]"
me和person都是Object对象，me继承了person的所有属性。
看看Object.create()的Polyfill
if (typeof Object.create !== "function") {
Object.create = function (proto, propertiesObject) {
if (typeof proto !== 'object' && typeof proto !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('Object prototype may only be an Object: ' + proto);
} else if (proto === null) {
throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support 'null' as the first argument.");
}
if (typeof propertiesObject != 'undefined') {
throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support a second argument.");
}
function F() {}
F.prototype = proto;
return new F();
};
}
Object.create()返回一个新的对象，这个对象的prototype指向proto。
ES5
function Person(name) {
this.name = name
}
Person.prototype.sayHello = function() {
console.log(this.name + ' say: hello')
}
function Teacher(subject) {
Person.call(this)
this.subject = this.subject
}
console.log(Teacher.prototype.constructor) // [Function: Teacher]
console.log(Teacher.prototype instanceof Person) // false
Teacher.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype)
console.log(Teacher.prototype instanceof Person) // true
console.log(Teacher.prototype.constructor) // [Function: Person]
Teacher.prototype.constructor = Teacher
将父类原型指向子类
function inheritPrototype(subType, superType){
var prototype = Object.create(superType.prototype); // 创建对象，创建父类原型的一个副本
prototype.constructor = subType; // 增强对象，弥补因重写原型而失去的默认的constructor 属性
subType.prototype = prototype; // 指定对象，将新创建的对象赋值给子类的原型
}
ES6类继承extends
extends关键字主要用于类声明或者类表达式中，以创建一个类，该类是另一个类的子类。其中constructor表示构造函数，一个类中只能有一个构造函数，有多个会报出SyntaxError错误,如果没有显式指定构造方法，则会添加默认的 constructor方法，使用例子如下。
class Rectangle {
// constructor
constructor(height, width) {
this.height = height;
this.width = width;
}
// Getter
get area() {
return this.calcArea()
}
// Method
calcArea() {
return this.height * this.width;
}
}
const rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 20);
console.log(rectangle.area);
// 输出 200
-----------------------------------------------------------------
// 继承
class Square extends Rectangle {
constructor(length) {
super(length, length);
// 如果子类中存在构造函数，则需要在使用“this”之前首先调用 super()。
this.name = 'Square';
}
get area() {
return this.height * this.width;
}
}
const square = new Square(10);
console.log(square.area);
// 输出 100
extends继承的核心代码如下，其实现和上述的inheritPrototype方式一样
function _inherits(subType, superType) {
// 创建对象，创建父类原型的一个副本
// 增强对象，弥补因重写原型而失去的默认的constructor 属性
// 指定对象，将新创建的对象赋值给子类的原型
subType.prototype = Object.create(superType && superType.prototype, {
constructor: {
value: subType,
enumerable: false,
writable: true,
configurable: true
}
});
if (superType) {
Object.setPrototypeOf
? Object.setPrototypeOf(subType, superType)
: subType.__proto__ = superType;
}
}
