iOS 方法查找流程分析

前言

iOS方法的调用就是消息的发送，这基本上市贯穿着整个app的生命周期，我们就窥探一下objc_msgSend内部的一些方法查找过程.

第一个环节-CacheLookup

.macro CacheLookup
//大段注释代码已省略
LLookupStart$1:

    // p1 = SEL, p16 = isa
    ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE]              // p11 = mask|buckets

#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
    and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff   // p10 = buckets
    and p12, p1, p11, LSR #48       // x12 = _cmd & mask
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
    and p10, p11, #~0xf         // p10 = buckets
    and p11, p11, #0xf          // p11 = maskShift
    mov p12, #0xffff
    lsr p11, p12, p11               // p11 = mask = 0xffff >> p11
    and p12, p1, p11                // x12 = _cmd & mask
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif


    add p12, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
                     // p12 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT))

    ldp p17, p9, [x12]      // {imp, sel} = *bucket
1:  cmp p9, p1          // if (bucket->sel != _cmd)
    b.ne    2f          //     scan more
    CacheHit $0         // call or return imp
    
2:  // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
    CheckMiss $0            // miss if bucket->sel == 0
    cmp p12, p10        // wrap if bucket == buckets
    b.eq    3f
    ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]!  // {imp, sel} = *--bucket
    b   1b          // loop

3:  // wrap: p12 = first bucket, w11 = mask
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
    add p12, p12, p11, LSR #(48 - (1+PTRSHIFT))
                    // p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
    add p12, p12, p11, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
                    // p12 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif

    // Clone scanning loop to miss instead of hang when cache is corrupt.
    // The slow path may detect any corruption and halt later.

    ldp p17, p9, [x12]      // {imp, sel} = *bucket
1:  cmp p9, p1          // if (bucket->sel != _cmd)
    b.ne    2f          //     scan more
    CacheHit $0         // call or return imp
    
2:  // not hit: p12 = not-hit bucket
    CheckMiss $0            // miss if bucket->sel == 0
    cmp p12, p10        // wrap if bucket == buckets
    b.eq    3f
    ldp p17, p9, [x12, #-BUCKET_SIZE]!  // {imp, sel} = *--bucket
    b   1b          // loop

LLookupEnd$1:
LLookupRecover$1:
3:  // double wrap
    JumpMiss $0

.endmacro

1、首先这里是在objc_class里面的cache_t内部进行:快速方法查找
2、在这段汇编里面有两个循环

  • 第一个循环: 从当前的hash值_cmd & mask对应的bucket，通过指针递减遍历到首地址
  • 第二个循环: 当地一个循环没找到时,将指针移到buckets容量的末尾buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT),继续通过指针递减遍历到首地址

3、如果在cache中方法确实没有，那么在遍历过程中会出现两种情况，但最终都会殊途同归，跳转到__objc_msgSend_uncached

  • 情况一: 在CheckMiss 中
.macro CheckMiss
   // miss if bucket->sel == 0
.if $0 == GETIMP
   cbz p9, LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
   cbz p9, __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
   cbz p9, __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

如代码所述，当p9为0时跳转，即bucket->sel = 0：说明用该方法遍历时，找到一个sel为空的bucket（注意重点:如果cache里面有值的话，那就不会找到位空的时候）

  • 情况二:在所有都遍历完时都没找到对应的sel,那就会跳到JumpMiss 
.macro JumpMiss
.if $0 == GETIMP
    b   LGetImpMiss
.elseif $0 == NORMAL
    b   __objc_msgSend_uncached
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
    b   __objc_msgLookup_uncached
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro

第二个环节-__objc_msgSend_uncached

STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
    UNWIND __objc_msgSend_uncached, FrameWithNoSaves

    // THIS IS NOT A CALLABLE C FUNCTION
    // Out-of-band p16 is the class to search
    
    MethodTableLookup
    TailCallFunctionPointer x17

    END_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached

第三个环节-MethodTableLookup

.macro MethodTableLookup
    
    // push frame
    SignLR
    stp fp, lr, [sp, #-16]!
    mov fp, sp

    // save parameter registers: x0..x8, q0..q7
    sub sp, sp, #(10*8 + 8*16)
    stp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
    stp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
    stp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
    stp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
    stp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
    stp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
    stp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
    stp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
    str x8,     [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]

    // lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, LOOKUP_INITIALIZE | LOOKUP_RESOLVER)
    // receiver and selector already in x0 and x1
    mov x2, x16
    mov x3, #3
    bl  _lookUpImpOrForward

    // IMP in x0
    mov x17, x0
    
    // restore registers and return
    ldp q0, q1, [sp, #(0*16)]
    ldp q2, q3, [sp, #(2*16)]
    ldp q4, q5, [sp, #(4*16)]
    ldp q6, q7, [sp, #(6*16)]
    ldp x0, x1, [sp, #(8*16+0*8)]
    ldp x2, x3, [sp, #(8*16+2*8)]
    ldp x4, x5, [sp, #(8*16+4*8)]
    ldp x6, x7, [sp, #(8*16+6*8)]
    ldr x8,     [sp, #(8*16+8*8)]

    mov sp, fp
    ldp fp, lr, [sp], #16
    AuthenticateLR

.endmacro

1、在汇编这里就是准备参数,保存当前的上下文(通过stp指令，将当前的所有信息保存到栈中)
2、开始调用_lookUpImpOrForward函数，注意到mov x3, #3,其实就是向第四个寄存器存入3即二进制的0011
3、将之前保存的上下文还原到之前的状态(通过ldp和ldr指令，将栈中的信息加载到到对应硬件位置)

第四个环节-lookUpImpOrForward

IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
    const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
    IMP imp = nil;
    Class curClass;

    runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();

    // Optimistic cache lookup
    if (fastpath(behavior & LOOKUP_CACHE)) {
        imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
        if (imp) goto done_nolock;
    }

    // runtimeLock is held during isRealized and isInitialized checking
    // to prevent races against concurrent realization.

    // runtimeLock is held during method search to make
    // method-lookup + cache-fill atomic with respect to method addition.
    // Otherwise, a category could be added but ignored indefinitely because
    // the cache was re-filled with the old value after the cache flush on
    // behalf of the category.

    runtimeLock.lock();

    // We don't want people to be able to craft a binary blob that looks like
    // a class but really isn't one and do a CFI attack.
    //
    // To make these harder we want to make sure this is a class that was
    // either built into the binary or legitimately registered through
    // objc_duplicateClass, objc_initializeClassPair or objc_allocateClassPair.
    //
    // TODO: this check is quite costly during process startup.
    checkIsKnownClass(cls);

    if (slowpath(!cls->isRealized())) {
        cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
        // runtimeLock may have been dropped but is now locked again
    }

    if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE) && !cls->isInitialized())) {
        cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
        // runtimeLock may have been dropped but is now locked again

        // If sel == initialize, class_initialize will send +initialize and 
        // then the messenger will send +initialize again after this 
        // procedure finishes. Of course, if this is not being called 
        // from the messenger then it won't happen. 2778172
    }

    runtimeLock.assertLocked();
    curClass = cls;

    // The code used to lookpu the class's cache again right after
    // we take the lock but for the vast majority of the cases
    // evidence shows this is a miss most of the time, hence a time loss.
    //
    // The only codepath calling into this without having performed some
    // kind of cache lookup is class_getInstanceMethod().

    for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
        // curClass method list.
        Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
        if (meth) {
            imp = meth->imp;
            goto done;
        }

        if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->superclass) == nil)) {
            // No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
            // Use forwarding.
            imp = forward_imp;
            break;
        }

        // Halt if there is a cycle in the superclass chain.
        if (slowpath(--attempts == 0)) {
            _objc_fatal("Memory corruption in class list.");
        }

        // Superclass cache.
        imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
        if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
            // Found a forward:: entry in a superclass.
            // Stop searching, but don't cache yet; call method
            // resolver for this class first.
            break;
        }
        if (fastpath(imp)) {
            // Found the method in a superclass. Cache it in this class.
            goto done;
        }
    }

    // No implementation found. Try method resolver once.

    if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
        behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
        return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
    }

 done:
    log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
    runtimeLock.unlock();
 done_nolock:
    if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_NIL) && imp == forward_imp)) {
        return nil;
    }
    return imp;
}

1、如果中间遇到未识别的类slowpath(!cls->isRealized())，就会递归的创建出来它的isa链和继承链：cls = realizeClassMaybeSwiftAndLeaveLocked(cls, runtimeLock);
2、 如果该类对象未初始化 ，相应地会进行一些初始化工作:cls = initializeAndLeaveLocked(cls, inst, runtimeLock);
3、首先在for循环里面有getMethodNoSuper_nolock,顺着重点代码函数点进去(getMethodNoSuper_nolock->search_method_list_inline->findMethodInSortedMethodList),能发现最后的一个二分法查看方法列表的过程,从这里可以看出所有的方法名当添加到内存中，会按照其名字的顺序进行排列，方便进行快速查找
4、如果在这里方法有找到的话，就会将方法cache_fill写入到缓存中去

ALWAYS_INLINE static method_t *
findMethodInSortedMethodList(SEL key, const method_list_t *list)
{
    const method_t * const first = &list->first;
    const method_t *base = first;
    const method_t *probe;
    uintptr_t keyValue = (uintptr_t)key;
    uint32_t count;
    
    for (count = list->count; count != 0; count >>= 1) {
        probe = base + (count >> 1);
        
        uintptr_t probeValue = (uintptr_t)probe->name;
        
        if (keyValue == probeValue) {
            // `probe` is a match.
            // Rewind looking for the *first* occurrence of this value.
            // This is required for correct category overrides.
            while (probe > first && keyValue == (uintptr_t)probe[-1].name) {
                probe--;
            }
            return (method_t *)probe;
        }
        
        if (keyValue > probeValue) {
            base = probe + 1;
            count--;
        }
    }
    
    return nil;
}

5、重点在for循环体里面：这里就是顺着继承链一直查找方法的实现:如果找到了就走到done;如果没找到就会跳出循环来到resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);动态方法决议

第五个环节-resolveMethod_locked，

1、这里会给你一次拯救自己的机会，即在+(BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel方法中，添加未实现的方法，并且返回YES，就可以拯救了。并且也会将找到的方法写入到缓存当中去,
2、如果此时也失败了就会将forward_imp返回出去,也就到了消息转发机制:快速转发->慢速转发

static NEVER_INLINE IMP
resolveMethod_locked(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
    runtimeLock.assertLocked();
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());

    runtimeLock.unlock();

    if (! cls->isMetaClass()) {
        // try [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
        resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
    } 
    else {
        // try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
        // and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
        resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
        if (!lookUpImpOrNil(inst, sel, cls)) {
            resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
        }
    }

    // chances are that calling the resolver have populated the cache
    // so attempt using it
    return lookUpImpOrForward(inst, sel, cls, behavior | LOOKUP_CACHE);
}
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