前言
同事分享《C++沉思录》,提供一个练习题。直观感受很适合使用DSL&TDD解题,演练一番,过程如下:
题目
1、实现Picture类及其他类或函数,满足以下要求:
#include <iostream>
#include "Picture.h"
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
Picture p(init, 3);
cout << p << endl;
return 0;
}
以上代码的打印结果为:
Paris
in the
Spring
2、frame函数给图形加边框:
cout << frame(p) << endl;
输出:
+------+
|Paris |
|in the|
|Spring|
+------+
3、操作符|将两个字符图形横向连接:
cout << p | frame(p) << endl;
输出:
Paris +------+
in the|Paris |
Spring|in the|
|Spring|
+------+
4、操作符&将两个字符图形纵向连接:
cout << p & frame(p) << endl;
//输出:
Paris
in the
Spring
+------+
|Paris |
|in the|
|Spring|
+------+
5、更复杂的例子:
cout << frame(frame(p) | (p & frame(p))) << endl;
输出:
+----------------+
|+------+Paris |
||Paris |in the |
||in the|Spring |
||Spring|+------+|
|+------+|Paris ||
| |in the||
| |Spring||
| +------+|
+----------------+
解题过程
0 分析
DSL是去年参加过丁辉教练的训练营掌握的技能,印象很深。结合测试用例直观感受,很适合使用DSL AST的思路来实战。行动起来------
语法抽象如下:
Pic pic(init,3);
Frame frame(pic);
And andrule(pic,frame);
Or orrule(frame,andrule);
直接用语法作为测试用例,小步快跑,TDD模式进行实现:
1 实现Pic
第一个测试用例test.cpp:
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "rule.h"
TEST(Draw,Pic)
{
const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
Pic pic(init,3);
const char *result= "Paris \n"\
"in the\n"\
"Spring\n";
EXPECT_STREQ(result,pic.exec().GetStr().c_str());
}
头文件定义rule.h,设计三个类:
Result为结果类;Rule为统一规则类,所有的规则都继承该类;Pic 为实现的图类。代码如下:
#ifndef RULE_H_
#define RULE_H_
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
struct Result
{
Result(vector<string> &v,int l);
string GetStr();
private:
vector<string> vRes;
int length;
};
struct Rule
{
Result exec();
vector<string> vRes;
int length;
};
struct Pic:Rule
{
Pic(const char* init[],int count);
};
实现文件rule.cpp,代码如下:
#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
#include "rule.h"
Result::Result(vector<string> &v,int l):vRes(v),length(l)
{
}
string Result::GetStr()
{
string res;
for(const auto &it:vRes)
{
res+=it;
res+="\n";
}
return res;
}
Result Rule::exec()
{
return Result(vRes,length);
}
Pic::Pic(const char* init[],int count)
{
length=0;
for (int i=0; i<count; i++)
{
int iLen=strlen(init[i]);
if(iLen>length)
length=iLen;
}
for (int i=0; i<count; i++)
{
string str=init[i];
str.resize(length,' ');
vRes.push_back(str);
}
}
2 实现frame
测试用例
TEST(Draw,Frame_Pic)
{
const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
const char *result="+------+\n"\
"|Paris |\n"\
"|in the|\n"\
"|Spring|\n"\
"+------+\n";
Pic pic(init,3);
Frame frame(pic);
EXPECT_STREQ(result,frame.exec().GetStr().c_str());
}
接口设计
struct Frame:Rule
{
Frame(Rule &rule);
};
实现
Frame::Frame(Rule &rule)
{
length=rule.length+2;
string shead;
shead.resize(length,'-');
shead[0]=shead[length-1]='+';
vRes.push_back(shead);
for(const auto &it:rule.vRes)
{
string str("|");
str+=it;
str+="|";
vRes.push_back(str);
}
vRes.push_back(shead);
}
3 实现And
测试用例
TEST(Draw,Frame_And_Pic)
{
const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
const char *result="Paris \n"\
"in the \n"\
"Spring \n"\
"+------+\n"\
"|Paris |\n"\
"|in the|\n"\
"|Spring|\n"\
"+------+\n";
Pic pic(init,3);
Frame frame(pic);
And andrule(pic,frame);
EXPECT_STREQ(result,andrule.exec().GetStr().c_str());
}
接口设计
struct And:Rule
{
And(Rule &left,Rule &right);
};
实现
And::And(Rule &left,Rule &right)
{
length=max(left.length,right.length);
for(const auto &it:left.vRes)
{
string str=it;
str.resize(length,' ');
vRes.push_back(str);
}
for(const auto &it:right.vRes)
{
string str=it;
str.resize(length,' ');
vRes.push_back(str);
}
}
4 实现Or
测试用例
TEST(Draw,Frame_Or_Pic)
{
const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
const char *result="Paris +------+\n"\
"in the|Paris |\n"\
"Spring|in the|\n"\
" |Spring|\n"\
" +------+\n";
Pic pic(init,3);
Frame frame(pic);
Or orrule(pic,frame);
EXPECT_STREQ(result,orrule.exec().GetStr().c_str());
}
接口设计
struct Or:Rule
{
Or(Rule &left,Rule &right);
};
实现
Or::Or(Rule &left,Rule &right)
{
length=left.length+right.length;
size_t heigh=max(left.vRes.size(),right.vRes.size());
string str;
for(size_t i=0; i<heigh; i++)
{
str.clear();
if(i<left.vRes.size())
str=left.vRes[i];
else
str.resize(left.length,' ');
if(i<right.vRes.size())
str+=right.vRes[i];
else
str.resize(left.length+right.length,' ');
vRes.push_back(str);
}
}
5 接收测试
利用 单元测试验证frame(frame(p) | (p & frame(p)))。
TEST(Draw,result1)
{ const char* init[] = {"Paris", "in the", "Spring" };
const char *result= "+----------------+\n"\
"|+------+Paris |\n"\
"||Paris |in the |\n"\
"||in the|Spring |\n"\
"||Spring|+------+|\n"\
"|+------+|Paris ||\n"\
"| |in the||\n"\
"| |Spring||\n"\
"| +------+|\n"\
"+----------------+\n";
Pic pic(init,3);
Frame frame(pic);
And andrule(pic,frame);
Or orrule(frame,andrule);
Frame frame1(orrule);
EXPECT_STREQ(result,frame1.exec().GetStr().c_str());
}
小结
这道题目可以用不同思路可以实现,每个人都会有不同选择。DSL AST是一种不错的选择。
利用题目演练自己掌握的技能,是一种自我修炼加强的方式,值得推荐。你也可以试试。
原创,转载引用请注明出处。谢谢!