过了几十个中秋节,吃了几十年月饼,今年终于在译匠上深入学习了月饼的方方面面,也算是对传统文化的一种尊重吧!
中文名:月饼
英文名:mooncake
生日:Mid-Autumn Festival=Mooncake Festival
(The 15th day of the 8th lunar month)
中秋节=月饼节(农历八月十五)
星座:Virgo(处女座)
国籍:中国
外表:crust(酥皮)
内在:
five kernel=五仁
lotus seed paste=莲蓉
red bean paste=红豆沙
mung bean paste=绿豆沙
jujube paste=枣泥
salted egg yolk=咸蛋黄
salt and pepper=椒盐
taro paste=芋泥
sweet potato=红薯
pineapple=菠萝
durian=榴莲
chocolate=巧克力
coffee=咖啡
mango=芒果
green tea=绿茶
月饼虽小,种类极多。除了传统月饼(Traditional styles),还有 “广式月饼”(Cantonese-style mooncake)、“苏式月饼”(Suzhou-style mooncake),“京式月饼”(Beijing-style mooncake)、“滇式月饼”(Yunnan-style mooncake)、潮汕式月饼(Chaoshan-style mooncakes)、宁波式月饼(Ningbo-style mooncakes)等。
如果按馅或外形来分的话,估计根本停不下来。
鲜肉月饼:fresh pork mooncake
素月饼:vegetarian mooncake
冰淇淋月饼:ice-cream mooncake
水晶月饼:jelly mooncake
冰皮月饼:Snow skin mooncake
低糖月饼:Low-sugar mooncake
无脂月饼:fat-free mooncake
豆沙:Sweet bean paste mooncake
枣泥:Jujube paste mooncake
五仁:Five kernel mooncake
莲蓉:Lotus seed paste mooncake
蛋黄白莲蓉月饼 egg-yolk white lotus seed paste Mooncake
蛋黄莲蓉月饼 egg-yolk lotus seed paste Mooncake
精品凤梨月饼 pineapple Mooncake
纯正豆沙月饼 red bean paste Mooncake
蛋黄白莲蓉月饼 egg-yolk white lotus seed paste Mooncake
精品凤梨月饼 pineapple
纯正豆沙月饼 red bean paste
绿豆蓉月饼 mung bean lotus
木瓜蓉月饼 pawpaw lotus mooncake
果蔬月饼:Fruit and vegetable mooncakes
海鲜月饼:Seafood mooncakes...
理论上,能吃的东西都可以成为月饼的馅料,这点在广式月饼里体现的尤为明显。广式月饼是甜味的,主要在广东,馅料成分极多,最常见的馅料包括莲子,西瓜籽,火腿,鸡肉,鸭肉,叉烧,蘑菇和蛋黄(lotus seed paste, melon seed paste, ham, chicken, duck, roast pork, mushrooms, and egg yolks)。广东人的吃本领绝对是一大特色,为了不影响胃口就不一一枚举,总而言之广东人在吃上绝对具有冒险天性(adventurous nature in eating)。
苏式月饼,既有甜味,也有咸味,历史非常悠久,已有一千多年的历史。苏式月饼皮层酥松,馅料肥而不腻(layers of flaky dough and generous allotment of sugar and lard),苏式月饼的调性和苏州的文化底蕴可谓相得益彰。
京式月饼源于京津,有股细腻的甜味,适度配比的饼皮和馅料,以及精致的雕花(moderate allotment of skin and fillings, and meticulous decoration),饼皮和馅料的配比通常是4:6,非常讲究。
传统的月饼馅料(Mooncake Fillings),虽然有地域差异,但是最常见的还是莲蓉(Lotus seed paste)、豆沙 (Sweet bean paste)、五仁(Five kernel)、蛋黄(Egg yolk)、枣泥(Jujube paste)等。
莲蓉(Lotus seed paste),由干莲子制作而成,被认为是最美味,也最奢侈的馅料(most delicious and luxurious filling )之一。
Lotus seed paste is a Chinese dessert ingredient made from dried lotus seeds. It is traditionally considered as a luxurious ingredient.
可将莲子浸透加水煮,熟后隔水𢭏碎,再放入镬中加砂糖和油炒、再加入麦芽糖拌匀即成莲蓉。
First, the dried seeds are stewed in water until soft and then mashed into a fine paste. The paste is then watered down to a thin slurry and passed through a sieve and into cheesecloth, with which it is squeezed dry. This produces a fine crumbly paste, which is then mixed with sugar or other sweeteners and often oil to produce a smooth, sweet paste.
豆沙 (Sweet bean paste),豆沙馅分为绿豆沙,红豆沙和黑豆沙等类别。
中国北方的豆沙馅的做法是将红豆去掉豆皮,弄碎煮烂,加糖,再用油炒一炒。
The beans are usually boiled without sugar, mashed, and diluted into a slurry. The slurry is then strained through a sieve to remove the husks. The resulting liquid is then filtered and squeezed dry using cheesecloth, and then finally sweetened. Oil in the form of either vegetable oil or lard is usually added to the relatively dry paste to improve its texture and mouthfeel.
五仁(Five kernel),一般人并不知道五仁馅月饼的五仁是什么,其实是指花生(peanut),核桃(walnut seed),瓜子(watermelon seed),杏仁(almond),松子(pine nut)。取名五仁,有圆满和谐的寓意。
蛋黄(Egg yolk),一般把整个咸鸭蛋黄放在月饼中央,这个蛋黄代表着月亮,象征着满月(full moon)。
枣泥(Jujube paste),由成熟的红枣制成,呈暗红色。
中秋吃月饼,这已经是华人根深蒂固的一种观念了,那为何在中秋这天吃月饼呢?
中秋一词,最早见于《礼记·月令》上说:“仲秋之月养衰老,行糜粥饮食。”,也提到中秋有拜月的活动,但并没有说明是八月的哪一天。中秋之时传递着丰收、感恩、祈祷、团聚的含义。
中秋节起源的神话传说,最广为人知的是嫦娥奔月的故事。
不过据历史学家研究,中秋节起源应为隋末唐军于大业十三年八月十五日,唐军裴寂以圆月作为构思,成功发明月饼,并广发军中作为军饷,并成功解决因大量吸收反隋义军而衍生之军粮问题。唐朝以后,中秋节用于赏赐群臣。
于是沿袭下拉的传统节日中秋节,人们吃月饼、看满月、猜灯谜。圆圆的月饼好似满月一般,象征着团圆。
Traditional celebrations include sharing mooncakes, admiring the full moon, and playing riddles, a highly engaged word game written on paper lanterns. The perfectly round mooncakes resemble the full moon and are symbols of unity.