L5-U3-P4-1 Listening : Electromagnetic Force电磁力
There are several fundamental forces that hold our universe together.
存在着几种将我们的宇宙维系在一起的基本力。
One of these, of course, is gravity, the force between objects that have mass.
其中之一，当然，是引力，即存在于有质量物体之间的力。
Another important force is the electromagnetic force.
另一种重要的力是电磁力。
The electromagnetic force is responsible for chemical reactions.
电磁力是化学反应得以发生的原因。
Without it there would be no atoms or molecules.
没有它，就不会有原子和分子。
Up until a couple of hundred years ago, very little was known about this force.
直到几百年前，人们对这种力还知之甚少。
Learning about the electromagnetic force and how to use it was a major step forward.
认识电磁力并学会如何使用它是向前迈出的重要一步。
It revolutionized communication, transportation and manufacturing.
它彻底改变了通信、交通和制造业。
Imagine what life would be like without electricity!
想象一下如果没有电，生活将会是什么样子！
Learning about the electromagnetic force and how to use it was a major step forward.
(1) The electromagnetic force is responsible for chemical reactions.
(2) Without it there would be no atoms or molecules.
(3) Up until a couple of hundred years ago, very little was known about this force.
(4) Learning about the electromagnetic force and how to use it was a major step forward.
The electromagnetic force has two parts, the electrical force and the magnetic force.
电磁力包含两个部分：电力和磁力。
The electric force is the force between electrically charged particles such as electrons and protons.
电力是带电粒子（如电子和质子）之间的作用力。
Electric charges attract or repel each other with a force that depends on the distance between them.
电荷相互吸引或排斥，其力的大小取决于它们之间的距离。
The magnetic force is the force between magnetic poles, such as the north and south pole.
磁力是磁极之间的作用力，例如北极和南极。
In fact, the Earth is like a large bar magnet, with a north and a south pole.
事实上，地球就像一块巨大的条形磁铁，拥有北极和南极。
Many animals use the Earth's magnetic field to navigate during their migrations.
许多动物在迁徙时利用地球磁场进行导航。
We can also see this magnetic field when we use a compass.
我们使用指南针时，也能观察到这种磁场。
Why is the earth like a large bar magnet? - It has a north and a south pole.
Many animals use the Earth's magnetic field to navigate during their migrations.
Another important force is the electromagnetic force.
We can also see this magnetic field when we use a compass.
Why does the Earth have a magnetic field?
地球为什么会有磁场？
Many scientists believe that the Earth's magnetic field is due to the Earth's rotation.
许多科学家认为，地球的磁场源于地球的自转。
Deep inside the Earth is a solid iron core, surrounded by a liquid metal outer core.
地球深处有一个固态铁内核，其周围包裹着液态金属外核。
The moving electric currents inside this liquid metal create a magnetic field.
液态金属中的移动电流产生了磁场。
Deep inside the Earth is a solid iron core, surrounded by a liquid metal outer core. The moving electric currents inside this liquid metal create a magnetic field.
The Earth's magnetic field is important because it protects us from the solar wind.
地球的磁场非常重要，因为它保护我们免受太阳风的侵袭。
The solar wind is a current of charged particles coming at us from the Sun.
太阳风是一股来自太阳、射向地球的带电粒子流。
When the solar wind nears the Earth, the Earth's magnetic field deflects it away.
当太阳风接近地球时，地球的磁场将其偏转开。
This protects the Earth from the radiation, which can be dangerous to life.
这保护地球免受可能对生命构成危险的辐射。
It also protects the satellites that we use for communication.
它也保护着我们用于通信的卫星。
What protects the Earth from the solar wind? - The Earth's magnetic field .
(1) The Earth's magnetic field is important because it protects us from the solar wind.
(2) The solar wind is a current of charged particles coming at us from the Sun.
(3) When the solar wind nears the Earth, the Earth's magnetic field deflects it away.
(4) This protects the Earth from the radiation, which can be dangerous to life.
The Earth's magnetic field is important because it protects us from the solar wind.
The Earth's magnetic field protects the Earth from the solar wind.
L5-U3-P4-2 Listening : Magnetic Field Reversal 磁场反转
Scientists now believe that the Earth's magnetic field is about to reverse.
科学家们现在认为，地球的磁场即将发生反转。
This is called magnetic field reversal.
这被称为磁场反转。
Every 200,000 to 300,000 years, the Earth's magnetic field reverses.
每隔20万到30万年，地球的磁场就会反转一次。
In other words, the North and South magnetic poles switch places.
换句话说，就是北磁极和南磁极互换位置。
This has happened many times in Earth's history, but it has been happening more lately.
这在地球历史上发生过多次，但最近发生得更加频繁了。
In earth's history, about how often have magnetic field reversals occurred?----About every two to 300,000 years .
Scientists now believe that the Earth's magnetic field is about to reverse.
Recent research provides evidence that there have been five magnetic reversals during the past 500,000 years.
近期研究提供证据表明，在过去50万年间曾发生过五次磁场反转。
The most recent event happened approximately 41,000 years ago.
最近一次事件发生在大约4.1万年前。
Recent studies have found that the Earth's magnetic field has weakened about 5% per decade.
近期研究发现，地球磁场正以每十年约5%的速率减弱。
At its current rate, the next reversal could happen within the next century.
按照目前的速度，下一次反转可能在下个世纪内发生。
What has been weakening ? ----The Earth's magnetic field .
The next reversal could happen---- within the next century .
Many scientists believe that the Earth's magnetic field is due to the Earth's rotation.
Every 200,000 to 300,000 years, the Earth's magnetic field reverses.
The most recent event happened approximately 41,000 years ago.
Some people worry about the effects of a magnetic field reversal.
有些人担心磁场反转的影响。
They think there is a possibility that it could cause many problems.
他们认为这可能会导致许多问题。
For example, without a magnetic field, communications could be disrupted.
例如，如果没有磁场，通讯可能会中断。
Birds and other forms of life could become confused and get lost.
鸟类和其他生物可能会感到困惑而迷失方向。
Another effect would be an increase in some forms of cancer, especially skin cancer.
另一个影响是某些癌症（尤其是皮肤癌）的发病率会增加。
This would be because of an increase in the amount of radiation absorbed by our bodies.
这是因为我们身体吸收的辐射量会增加。
Some people worry about the effects of a magnetic field reversal.
Why could a magnetic field reversal cause some types of cancer to increase？----More radiation would be absorbed by our bodies.
(1) Some people worry about the effects of a magnetic field reversal.
(2) They think there is a possibility that it could cause many problems.
(3) For example, without a magnetic field, communications could be disrupted.
(4) Birds and other forms of life could become confused and get lost.
The possibility that a field reversal would be an extinction event is very low.
磁场反转导致物种灭绝事件的可能性非常低。
There is very little historical evidence to show that previous reversals have caused extinctions.
几乎没有历史证据表明以往的反转曾导致物种灭绝。
Humans have been on Earth for millions of years, during which there have been many reversals.
人类在地球上已经存在了数百万年，在此期间发生过多次磁场反转。
Therefore, scientists believe that any changes would be temporary.
因此，科学家们相信任何变化都将是暂时的。
Another theory is that the Earth's outer layer could rotate around the liquid metal outer core that makes up most of the earth.
另一种理论是，地球的外层可能会围绕着构成地球大部分体积的液态金属外核旋转。
So in the next reversal continents could shift positions, from north to south.
所以在下次反转中，大陆的位置可能会发生改变，从北向南移动。
Imagine, if that happened, Australia would be in the northern hemisphere.
想象一下，如果发生这种情况，澳大利亚将会位于北半球。
If the Earth outer layer rotated around the liquid metal outer core it would cause the continents to shift positions.
The possibility that a field reversal would be an extinction event is very low. There is very little historical evidence to show that previous reversals have caused extinctions.
With so many theories, how can we know what to believe?
面对如此多的理论，我们如何知道该相信什么？
This is important because some events require us to act well in advance.
这很重要，因为有些事件需要我们提前采取行动。
Otherwise it will be too late to prevent a catastrophe.
否则，等到想要预防灾难时就为时已晚了。
This underlines the importance of getting reliable information, backed by strong evidence.
这凸显了获取有强有力证据支持的可靠信息的重要性。
Some people worry about the effects of a magnetic field reversal.
They think there is a possibility that it could cause many problems.
The possibility that a field reversal would be an extinction event is very low.
L5-U3-P4-3 Vocabulary : Decision-Making Verbs 决策动词
Resume: to continue or start again after a pause.
继续/重新开始：指暂停后再次开始或延续。
After a short interruption, our work resumed and we worked for another hour.
短暂中断后，我们的工作得以继续，又进行了一小时。
Work on the project resumed once we passed the safety inspection.
项目工作在我们通过安全检查后重新启动。
The project has been postponed, and we won't resume work until we receive the next payment.
When we lost electricity everything shut down, but a few minutes later the power returned and we resumed our work.
We resume watching the movie as soon as the wireless connection was restored.
Interrupt: to stop something in progress.
打断：指使进行中的事情中止。
I hate to be interrupted when I'm working, but sometimes it's necessary.
我工作时讨厌被打断，但有时这又是必要的。
It's difficult to have a conversation with her because she always interrupts.
很难和她对话，因为她总是插嘴。
I'm sorry to interrupt, but I think we need to focus on the main problems.
Be careful not to interrupt the boss when he's speaking.
After a short interruption, our work resumed and we worked for another hour.
I'm trying hard to concentrate, so pelease don't interrupt me.
Reconsider: to reassess or think again about changing something.
重新考虑：指再次评估或重新思考是否改变某事物。
I was planning to vote against him, but after hearing him speak, I'm going to reconsider.
我原本打算投票反对他，但听了他的发言后，我准备重新考虑。
I didn't want to hire her at first, but then I reconsidered and offered her the job.
起初我并不想录用她，但后来又重新考虑，给了她这份工作。
I'm asking you to reconsider your decision, or I'll have no choice but to sue you.
I'm glad I reconsidered your plan because it's turning out to be a big success.
We are planning to sue your company unless you reconsider your decision.
Conclude: to reach a decision; to end something or summarize the main points.
得出结论/结束：指做出决定；或结束某事并总结要点。
To conclude my presentation, here is a summary of my recommendations.
在结束我的演示之前，以下是我的建议摘要。
After hearing arguments for and against the project, we have reached a conclusion.
在听取了支持和反对该项目的论点后，我们得出了结论。
We have concluded that there are too many risks, so we're going to cancel the project.
Given all the evidence we have come to the conclusion that the pilot was not to blame for the accident.
In conclusion, I think this new pesticide isn't safe for the environment.
Anticipate: to think in advance; to predict what's ahead.
预见：指提前思考；预测将要发生的事情。
I won the game because it was easy to anticipate my opponent's next move.
我赢了比赛，因为很容易预判对手的下一步行动。
He tried to anticipate what we were going to do, but he was completely wrong, so he lost.
他试图预测我们的行动，但完全判断失误，因此落败。
I'm anticipating that they won't begin their attack until the weather conditions improve, but they may surprise us.
To continue or start again after a pause ——to resume.
What is often the most important part of a presentation?----conclusion .
To reassess or think again about changing something.----To reconsider .
Work on the project resumed once we passed the safety inspection .
I didn't want to hire her at first, but then I reconsidered and offered her the job.
After hearing arguments for and against the project, we have reached a conclusion.
I'm trying hard to concentrate, so please don't interrupt me .
L5-U3-P4-4 Vocabulary : Status of Affairs 事务状况
Permanent: to be fixed or unchanging, the opposite of temporary.
永久的：指固定不变，与“暂时的”相对。
He plans to stay there permanently.
他计划永远留在那里。
He has decided to become a permanent resident of China.
他决定成为中国的永久居民。
The development of agriculture allowed humans to settle down and build permanent communities.
Once they established permanent boundaries, they have to fight to defend their territory from invaders.
Humans lived as nomads until they decided to settle down and build permanent communities.
Temporary: only lasting for a short time, the opposite of permanent.
临时的：指只持续很短时间，与“永久的”相对。
We can only offer him a temporary position in the company.
我们只能给他提供一个公司的临时职位。
This isn't the kind of job he wants, but it's okay as something temporary, until he can find something better.
这不是他想要的那种工作，但作为找到更好工作前的临时过渡也不错。
If you do well as a temporary worker, you may be hired for a permanent position.
Until we move into the new building we'll use this office as our temporary base.
That company places people in part-time, temporary positions.
Definite: well defined, precise, certain, unchanging.
明确的：指界定清晰、准确、确定且不变的。
We can't begin the project until you give us a more definite schedule.
在你给出更明确的时间表之前，我们无法启动项目。
We can't give you a definite answer until we get more information.
在获得更多信息之前，我们无法给你确切答复。
Until we have more definite information about your plans, we can't make any promises.
They couldn’t solve the problem until they could clearly define it.
We don't know their exact location, but they are definitely in this general area.
Obvious: easy to see, stands out.
明显的：指易于察觉、引人注目。
Of the job candidates we interviewed, he was the obvious choice.
在我们面试过的求职者中，他是显而易见的人选。
It's obvious that he can't afford to buy that house.
很明显他买不起那栋房子。
From her facial expression, it was obvious that she really disliked him.
It was an obvious lie, but some people still believed it.
Trivial: of little or no importance, insignificant.
琐碎的：指无关紧要、不重要的。
It's a trivial detail, so there's no need to worry about it.
那是个微不足道的细节，不必担心。
Those problems are not trivial, so we need to find a solution.
那些问题不容小觑，我们需要找到解决方案。
She spends her time worrying about trivial details, so she wastes a lot of time.
Trivial: of little or no importance, insignificant.
琐碎的：指无关紧要、不重要的。
It's a trivial detail, so there's no need to worry about it.
那是个微不足道的细节，不必担心。
Those problems are not trivial, so we need to find a solution.
那些问题不容小觑，我们需要找到解决方案。
To be fixed or unchanging----To be permanent .
Well defined, precise, certain, unchanging---- definite
The opposite of important.----trivial
It's a trivial detail, so there's no need to worry about it.
Those problems are not trivial, so we need to find a solution.
We can only offer him a temporary position in the company.
He has decided to become a permanent resident of China.
We can't begin the project until you give us a more definite schedule.
It was an obvious lie, but some people still believed it .
L5-U3-P4-5 Dialogue : Argument over Investment 关于投资的争论
W: I just heard what you did. You did it without consulting me.
女：我刚听说了你做的事。你居然没跟我商量就擅自决定了。
M: Yes, I talked to them and decided to invest more money. I didn't have time to consult with you, and I trust them.
男：是的，我和他们谈过之后决定追加投资。没来得及和你商量，但我信任他们。
W: That's our money not yours. We've been saving it to buy a house. You had no right to make that decision without letting me know. How can I trust you?
女：那是我们的钱，不是你一个人的。我们一直在攒钱买房。你无权不告诉我一声就做这个决定。我还怎么相信你？
You had no right to make that decision without letting me know.
That's our money not yours.
M: Look, it was an opportunity I couldn't resist. I'm sure it's going to be okay.
男：听我说，这是个无法抗拒的机会。我确信不会出问题。
W: No it isn't. It's a stupid investment and it's going to fail. I really hate you now.
女：不，不会好的。这是愚蠢的投资，注定会失败。我现在真的恨你。
M: That's a really strong word for simply disagreeing. Why can't we disagree without becoming so emotional?
男：仅仅是意见不合，用词何必这么重？为什么我们不能冷静地表达分歧？
W: We aren't just disagreeing. You've broken your promise again. I can't trust you anymore, especially when you keep doing stupid things that affect me.
女：这不只是意见不合。你又违背了诺言。我再也无法相信你了，尤其当你不断做蠢事影响我的时候。
She says she hates him because ...he has broken his promise, so she can't trust him.
You've broken your promise again!
She's upset because he has broken his promise again.
M: You say I'm being stupid, but it's just that we don't agree.
男：你说我愚蠢，但这只是我们意见不同而已。
W: No, that's not the point. You are not listening. You said you wouldn't do anything unless we both agreed. And look what you've done. Your promises are just empty words. I really despise you now.
女：不，问题不在这儿。你根本没在听。你说过除非我们都同意，否则你不会做任何事。看看你做了什么。你的承诺只是空话。我现在真的鄙视你。
What is the point? - He is broken his promise .
Your promises are just empty words.
And look what you've done.
M: Well, what should we do? If you keep talking like that, we had better break up.
男：那你想怎样？如果你继续这样说话，我们最好分手。
W: Yes, we should. I've had enough. I don't want to see you anymore, and I don't want you to even contact me.
女：对，是该分手。我受够了。我不想再见到你，甚至不想让你联系我。
M: Sure, if that's what you really want. But I want you to know that I haven't been lying to you.
男：好，如果你真这么想。但我想让你知道，我从没骗过你。
W: Don't say anything more. I don't want to hear it. You are a fool and you can't even see what you are doing.
女：别再说了。我不想听。你就是个傻瓜，连自己在做什么都看不清。
I don't want to see you anymore, and I don't want you to even contact me.
Don't say anything more.
You are a fool and you can't even see what you are doing.
M: Hi, I'm calling to apologize. Did you get my flowers?
男：嗨，我打电话来道歉。你收到我的花了吗？
W: Yes, but I told you not to call me.
女：收到了，但我告诉过你不要打电话给我。
M: Yes, I know, but I don't want our relationship to end like this. We've been through too much together. Let's give it another try.
男：是的，我知道，但我不希望我们的关系就这样结束。我们一起经历了太多。我们再试一次吧。
W: I'm sorry. I think it's too late. This was the last straw.
女：对不起。我想太晚了。这是最后一根稻草。
What did he send to her? - He sent her some flowers.
M: Please give me another chance. You were right about everything. I'll try to get the money back.
男：请再给我一次机会。你说的都对。我会设法把钱要回来。
W: When you get the money back, you can call me again. If you don't, you can pay me what you owe me, and then leave me alone.
女：等你要回钱，再给我打电话。要是没要回来，就把欠我的还我，然后别再找我。
M: OK, I'll get it back. I'll do anything to get you back in my life.
男：好，我一定把钱要回来。只要能让你回到我身边，我什么都愿意做。
W: I'll think about it.
女：我会考虑的。
When you get the money back, you can call me again. If you don't, you can pay me what you owe me, and then leave me alone.
He needs to get the money back before he can call her again.
Hi, I'm calling to apologize.
I'll do anything to get you back in my life.
