TEXT A: Secrets of Straight-A Students

Structure

structure

Good Expressions in each paragraph

(Para. 1)

conduct major studies

super-achieving students

top grades

According to him

it is far more important

(Para. 2)

attain academic excellence

master a few basic principles

how to set their priorities right

Study time is never compromised for phone calls

In other words

place above recreation

In addition

make a point of

he works out every day

a matter of personal preference

as soon as

fresh in their minds

a mainfactor

Good Usage(Para. 3)

For example

be actively involved in

keep his things in their proper places

file the days notes availablefor review

improve ones memory orretention ability

lead to a full understanding of

the author’s message

(Para.4)

schedule their time

pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable

be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand

set timetables

prevent them from procrastinating

waste time whispering to friends

get ready to rush out of theclass

jot down a two- or three-sentence summary

scan the notes

refresh her memory

(Para.5)

winning formula

lie in a students ability to hand in neat work

turn in neat work

on the way to scoring an A

In the classroom context

to speak up

to clarify any doubts

demonstrate a student sintellectual curiosity

concisely puts it

Better grades come from better understanding.

(Para.6)

try different approaches

explain their solutions to one another

labour on their own

frame tentative test questions

devise possible test questions

(Para.7)

In the student’s words

The more you practise, the more you learn.

Last but not least

lie in the crucial contribution by parents

set high standards

took pains to explain

Words and phrases that you should be familiar with:

conduct, reveal, attain, perform, involve, file, advocate, schedule, overwhelm, promote, clarify, demonstrate, approach, confirm, devise, employ, assign, undertake, pressure, motivate.

make the most of, begin with, in addition, make a point of , at hand, take down, base on,          lie in, refresh one's memory, on the way to, speak up, on one's own, take pains to do

Key Words and Expressions for TextA

1conductvt.

carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领

e.g.1.These studies were conducted by four teamsthat coordinated their work.

2. We are conducting asurvey to find out what the customers think of our service.

我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。

Collocations:

conduct a meeting主持会议

conduct an investigation进行调查

2revealvt.

make known sth. that was

previously secret or unknown揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来

e.g.1. Details of the murderwere revealed by the local newspaper.

2. He didn’t wantto reveal his real feelings.

他不想露出他的真实情感。

Collocations:

reveal sth. to sb.向某人透露某事

reveal sb. to be显示某人是

3make the most of

get the best advantage from最大限度利用

e.g.1.Jim studied hard in the training class; he wantedto make the most of his chance to learn.

2. The occasion only comesonce in five years, and they naturally make the most of it.

这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。

4attainvt.

fmlgain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach〖正式〗（长期努力后）获得，达到

e.g.1. He attainedfame through many years of hard work.

2. We need to identify thebest ways of attaining our goals.

我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。

CF:attain, achieve & accomplish

这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。

attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如：

* She finally attained her ends.她终于达到了她的目的。

* Kacy attained the rank of deputy director.凯茜当上副经理了。

achieve指由于付出努力而理所当然地实现目标、获得成功。例如：

* He will never achieve his objectives if he does

not work harder.如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。

accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如：

* He accomplished the building of the bookcase.他做完了一个书橱。

5to begin with

in the first place; firstly首先；第一点

e.g.1.I’m notgoing; to begin with, I haven’t a ticket, and secondly I don’t like the play.

2.To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.

首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。

6in addition (to)

as well (as); besides除……之外；另外

e.g.1.In addition to giving a general introduction tocomputers, the course also provides practical experience.

2.In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of otheractivities.

除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。

7make a point of doing sth.

take particular care aboutsth.特别注意，重视；总是要做（某事）

e.g.1.I alwaysmake a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.

2. She makes a point ofkeeping all her shopping receipts.

她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。

8performvi.

do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony,

etc.), esp. according to a usual or established method; give, act, or show (a

play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence

of the public履行，实行，完成；表演

e.g. 1. John has beentraining very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.

2. Some computerscan perform over a billion computations a second.

有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。

CF:perform & conduct

这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。

perform指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：

* He wouldn’t promise what he could not perform.他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。

conduct指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：

* The interview was conducted in English.面试用英语进行。

9involvevt.

[(in, with)](of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part [常与in或with连用]（情况、行动）使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及

e.g.1.Fanny isactively involved in the drama association of our college.

2. I didn’t mean to getyou so much involved in the matter.

我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。

10file

1.vt.put (papers or letters) in a file把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把……存卷（归档），存档

e.g.1) These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.

2) Wefile these reports under country of origin.

我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。

2.n.a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in anordered way, esp. in an office（办公室内的）文件匣（夹）

3.n.a line of people one behind the other纵列

4.vi.march in a file排成纵队前进

e.g.They filed slowly past the grave of their leader.他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领袖的坟墓。

11advocatevt.

speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp.

publicly拥护，提倡，主张

e.g.1. Thecommittee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.

2. Manypeople advocate building more hospitals.

许多人主张增设医院。

12 schedule

1.vt.[(for)usu.pass.] plan for a certain future time[常与for连用]［一般用于被动语态］排定；预定；把……安排在

e.g.1)The opening ceremony (开幕式) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.

2) Heis scheduled to leave for London next Monday.

他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。

2.n.a plannedlist or order of things to be done, dealth with, etc.预定要做事情的安排；计划（表）；程序表；日程表

Collocations:

on schedule按照时间表，准时

ahead of / behind schedule提前/落后于时间表

be scheduled for June / Monday,

etc.安排在六月/周一等

be scheduled for release /

publication / completion, etc.计划发布/出版/完成等

be scheduled to do sth.计划做某事

13overwhelmvt.

[usu. passive]give too much of a thing to sb.[常用于被动语态]使受不了，使不知所措

e.g.1.We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the

news that over 4000 people lost their lives during the earthquake.

2. I was quite overwhelmedby all the flowers and letters of support I received.

我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。

14at hand

ratherfmlnear in timeor place〖较正式〗即将到来，在手边，在近处

e.g.1. When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary

at hand so as to ensure that she uses every word correctly and appropriately.

2. Always have yourreference books near at hand.

要经常把参考书摆在手边。

15polishvt.

improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and

shiny by continual rubbing（通过练习）改进，改善；擦亮

e.g.1. I’ll needto polish (up) my French if I’ m going to France for my holiday.

2. Please polish yourshoes with a brush.

请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。

16take down

write sth. down in order to make a record of it记录

e.g.1. Anything you say will be taken down, and may beused in evidence.

2. He asked his secretaryto take down every word he said.

他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。

17refresh one’s memory

remind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes,

etc.（借助笔记等）使自己（某人）想起

e.g.1.In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his

notes.

2. I looked the word up inthe dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.

我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思。

18promotevt.

help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support提倡；促进；助长

e.g.1.The organization works to promotefriendship between nations.

2. The Prime Minister’svisit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.

首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。

19lie in

(of abstract things) exist in

the form of(sb. or sth.)在于

e.g.1.The problem lies in the fact that they do nothave a competent leader.

2. Ourstrengths lie in problem solving.

我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。

20on the way to

about to obtain sth.; in the

course of becoming or doing sth.正在获得；正在变成；正在做

e.g.1.I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.

2. A closed economy willnot put a country on the way to prosperity.

闭关自守的经济不会使一个国家富起来。

21speak up

give one’s opinion freely and

clearly畅所欲言，清楚地表明看法

e.g.1. You should never be frightened of speaking up your

beliefs under any circumstances.

2. If you thought thatwasn’t fair, why didn’t you speak up?

如果你认为那不公平，为什么不说出来？

22clarifyvt.

fmlmake clearer and easier to

understand, esp. by explaining and giving more details〖正式〗澄清，讲清楚，阐明

e.g1.If you don’t understand, ask the speaker to clarifythe point.

2. I hope that what I saywill clarify the situation.

我希望我说的话能讲清楚这一情况。

23demonstratevt.

prove or make clear (a fact), esp. by reasoning or providing examples;

show or describe clearly（以推理或举例等）论证，证明，证实

e.g.1. Galileo

demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.

2. Ourtroops demonstrate remarkable courage.

我们的队伍表现出无比的勇敢。

24approach

1.n.[ C (to)] a method of

doing sth. or dealing with a problem[常与to连用]方法；步骤

e.g.1) She took a wrong approach in solving the problem;

that was why she failed.

2) I’ve just read aninteresting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.

我刚读了一本有趣的书，它采用了一种新的方法来研读莎士比亚。

2.n.[C (to)] a way of getting in[常与to连用]通路，入口

e.g.All approaches to the town were blocked.通往该镇的所有道路都被封锁了。

3.n.[U (of)] the act of coming nearer and nearer[常与of连用]靠近；接近；临近

e.g.Our approach drove away the wild animals.我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。

4.v.come near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality,

or quantity走近；靠近，接近

e.g.The time is approaching when we will have to leave.我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。

25onone’s own

without

help独立地，无援地

e.g.1. Although she is still rather weak after theoperation, she can now live on her own.

2. I can’t carryit on my own; it’s too heavy.

我一人拿不动，这东西太重了。

26base on

[usu.

pass.]use as grounds, evidence, etc. for

sth. else［一般用于被动语态］以某事物为另一事物的根据﹑证据等

e.g. 1. He based his research results on his ownpractical experiences in the countryside.

2. I feel he’s doingsomething wrong, but I’ve got nothing to base it on.

我感到他做错了什么事，可我又没有证据。

27confirmvt.

give support or certainty to (a fact, belief, statement, etc.),e.g. by providing more proof or by stating that sth.thing is true or correct证实；进一步确定

e.g. 1.It hasbeen confirmed that Barbara will play the principal part in the new movie.

2. I just wantto confirm that all the arrangements have been made.

我要确认所有计划都安排好了。

28devisevt.

plan or invent, esp. cleverly策划；想出；设计；发明

e.g.1. Long-term objectives must be devised if you wantto run your business successfully.

2. A vehiclewas devised a few years ago which permitted movement over difficultland and could fly for a short distance.

几年前人们设计了一种交通工具，它能在难于行走的地面上行动并能短距离飞行。

29employvt.

fmluse〖正式〗使用

e.g.1. The police had to employ force to enter the building.

2. We employ differenttechnical tools for the reception and evaluation of the heat energy.

我们使用不同的技术工具接收和测量热能。

30assignvt.

[(to)] give as a share or duty [常与to连用]分配；分派，指派

e.g.1. He was assigned to work in a research centre in thearmy.

2. We’ve assignedChris to the advertising campaign.

我们已经把广告宣传的工作布置给了克里斯。

31undertakevt.

(undertook, undertaken)take up or accept (a

duty or piece of work, esp. one that is difficult or needs effort)承担，接受（责任、艰苦的工作等）

e.g.1. She undertook responsibility for the failure in our marketingproject.

2. Ifyou undertake the project, you are bound to encounter difficulties.

如果你承接这项工程的话，免不了会遇到许多困难。

Collocations:

undertake a task承担一项任务

undertake to do sth.承担做某事的任务

32pressurevt. & n.

(try to) make (sb.) do sth. by using strong or

unfair influence; forceful influence; strong persuasion对……施加压力；压力

e.g.1. Weshouldn’t be pressured into making hasty decision; instead, we must take allthings into consideration.

2. The chairpersonaccepted our proposal under pressure.

主席在压力下接受了我们的提议。

Collocations:

pressure sb. into doing sth.迫使某人做某事

pressure sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事

33take pains to do sth.

take great care or make a careful effort to do sth.煞费苦心（做）；（为……）费尽心机

e.g.1.He took great pains to learn Spanish because hewanted to travel in South America.

2. Do you think itworthwhile to take such pains to do this job?

你这么费心做这事，你觉得值得吗？

34motivatevt.

provide (sb.) with a (strong) reason for doing sth.激发，激励，使……产生动机

e.g.1. The new plan is devised to motivate employees towork more efficiently.

2. Every managermust motivate and encourage his employees.

每个管理者都必须激励和鼓励他的雇员。

TEXT B: College Pressures

Key Words and Expressions in Text B

economic a.[no comp.]connectedto trade, industry, and the

management of money; of economics［无比较级］经济（上）的；经济学的

e.g.What has gone wrong with the economic systemduring the last ten years?

The country has been in a very poor economic stateever since the decline of its two major industries.

peer n.fml or techa person of the same age,class, position, etc., as oneself〖正式或术语〗同辈，等级、地位等相同的人；同龄人

e.g.Children are worried about failing in front oftheir peers.

These children scored significantly lower onintelligence tests than others in their peer group.

self-induced a.brought

on by oneself or itself自身引起的

e.g.Most of the troubles he is now faced with areself-induced.

charge1).vt.[(for)]ask in payment [常与for连用]要价；（向……）收费；索取（金额）

e.g.Icould not believe that the restaurant charged us 500 yuan for such a simpledinner.

The local museum doesn’t charge for admission.

2).v.rush (as if) in an attack（向……）进攻，冲锋；冲向

e.g. The children charged into the playground.

3).vt.bring an esp. criminal charge against; accuse控告；指控

e.g. He was charged with the robbery.

4).vt.fmlinstruct or command; give

as a duty or responsibility〖正式〗指示；命令；使负责

e.g. She charged me to look after her son.

5).v.(cause to) take in and store

electricity（使）充电

e.g. If the red light comes on, it means thebattery is charging.

victim n.[(of)]a person, animal, or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, destruction, etc.,as a result of other people’s actions, or of illness, bad luck, etc.[常与of连用]牺牲者，受害者

e.g.The children are the innocentvictims of the fighting.

There is nodoubt that he looked upon himself as thevictimof injustice.

Collocations:

aninnocent victim of……的无辜受害者

anaccident / earthquake victim事故/地震受害者

fallvictim to受……之害

economy n.[C] the system by which a country’s wealth isproduced and used经济体制，经济情况

e.g.Tourism contributes millions ofpounds to the country’s economy.

An atmosphere of pessimism pervades theeconomy.

Collocations:

a collective / free-market economy集体/自由市场经济

a national / planned economy国民/计划经济

tuition n.esp.

AmEthe price of or payment for instruction〖尤美〗学费

e.g.Few can afford the tuition of$12,000 a term.

My uncle will pay mytuitionand also provide for my living expenses.

fee n.a sum of money paid for professional servicesto a doctor, lawyer, private school, etc.（付给医生、律师等的）专业服务费；（私立学校的）学费

e.g.The doctor’s fee wasfifty dollars for a complete physical examination.

I thought the accountant’sfeerather high.

sum n.[C (of)] an amount (of money); the totalproduced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together[常与of连用]金额；和；总数，总和

e.g.Ihad to spend a large sum of money to get my car repaired because I didn’t haveinsurance.

Huge sums of money are spent on national defense.

accumulate vt.make or become greater in quantity or size, esp.over a long period; collect or grow into a mass积累，积聚

e.g.I have accumulated a lot ofthings over the last four years.

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend agreater proportion of their incomes.

loan n.sth. which is lent, esp. money借出之物，借（贷）款

e.g.We took out a loan with lowinterest to expand the business.

She’s trying to get a $50,000 loan to start her own business.

Collocations :

raise a loan筹借一笔贷款

make a loan to贷款给……

get / receive a loan得到/获得贷款

pay off / repay a loan清偿借款

financial a.connected with money and finance财政的；金融的

e.g.The City of London is agreat financial centre of the world.

We suffered huge losses inthe financial crisis.

tough a.difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing effort难对付的，困难的，费力的

e.g.The company faces tough competition.

It’s one of the best colleges and it’s very tough toget into.

determination n.[U] the ability to make firm decisions and act in

accordance with them; strong will to succeed决断力；决心；决意，决定

e.g.She is a woman of greatdetermination who always tries to get what she wants.

They’re pursuing their aims with great determination.

lab n.infmllaboratory〖非正式〗试验室

e.g.Lab tests suggest that the newdrug may be used to treat cancer.

I don’t know the names of the objects in thislab.

dentist n.a person who has been professionally trainedto treat the teeth牙科医生

e.g.You should have your teethchecked by a dentist at least twice a year.

I must make an appointment with thedentist.

web n.a net of thin threads made esp. by spiders tocatch insects（尤指蜘蛛的）网

e.g.We watched a spider spin a webbetween three tall grass stems.

He had created a spider’swebof communications.

steer vt.make (esp. a boat or road vehicle)go in a particular direction驾驶（车、船）朝……走；操纵（车、船的方向盘）

e.g.He steered the boat carefully between therocks.

Our garage door isn’t very wide and it’s quitedifficult to steer the car through it.

securea.[(from,against)] safe; protected againstdanger or risk; closed, firm, or tight enough for safety[常与from或against连用]安全的；没有危险的，受保护的；紧闭的；牢固的，可靠的

e.g.Since I’m a college student now, my parentsare able to feel secure about my future.

Car manufacturers ought to produce vehicles which aremore secure against theft.

classics n.the languages, literature, and history of

ancient Greece and Rome古希腊和古罗马的语言，文学及历史；（大学）古典学课程

e.g.Students could choose betweenstudying a second foreign language or classics.

practical a.connectedwith action, practice, or actual conditions and results, rather than with ideas实践的，实际的

e.g.You should find a more practical method of getting the job done.

What’s the use of theoretical knowledge that has nopractical application?

faculty n.[(of)] a natural power of the mind or body;an ability or skill[常与of连用]天赋，才能，能力

e.g.She has a faculty for inspiringconfidence in people.

Each man is free to exercise his specialfacultyto the utmost.

creative a.apprecproducing new and original ideas and things ;

imaginative and inventive〖褒〗创造（性）的；有创造力的

e.g.I like to do things ina creative way which is different from everyone else.

He has shown acreativegenius since young.

specific a.particular;

fixed, determined, or named具体的，特有的，特定的

e.g.The money was collected

for a specific purpose.

Can you citeany specific evidence in support of your opinion?

profession n.a form of employment, esp. one that ispossible only for an educated person and after training (such as law, medicine,or teaching) and that is respected in society as honourable（尤指受过教育和专门训练的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）专业，职业

e.g.She decided on law as herultimate profession.

He left the teaching profession in 1995 to set up hisown business.

CF : profession,occupation, trade, vocation, business

这些名词都可表示“职业”。

Øprofession常指受过相当高的教育才能达到的职业位置，而且指涉及人们创造性的脑力劳动，而不是体力劳动的职业。例如：She intends to make teaching her profession.

Øoccupation指某人通常赖以谋生的并训练有素的工作职位，不一定指某人眼前正在干的工作。例如：By occupation, the unemployed is a teacher.

Øtrade指一项谋生的方式，从手艺性职业，技艺劳动，到低微的仆役工作。例如：He is learning the carpenter’s trade.

Øvocation指人们愿意选择来长期从事工作的领域，它不一定是他们谋生的手段。例如：He chose painting as his vocation and earned his living by working as awaiter.

Øbusiness指人们为了追逐利润而从事的职业，如商业、贸易、银行业等。例如：His business is foreign trade.

severea.causing serious harm, pain, worry, ordiscomfort; not kind or gentle in treatment; not allowing failure or change inrules, standards, etc.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的；严格的；严肃的；苛刻的

e.g. Doctors say that his head injuries are severe and an operation must beperformed immediately.

Lesley has beenunder severe pressure recently.

truly ad.really; exactly; in accordancewith the truth真正地；确实地，准确地，严格地

e.g.Mushrooms aren’t trulyvegetables, but many people think they are.

I amtrulygrateful for all your help.

obligated a.morallyorlegallybound;constrained（感到）有责任的，有义务的

e.g.Parents are obligated tosupport their children.

A witness in court isobligatedto tell the truth.

fulfill vt.BrEcarry out (an order,conditions, etc.); obey〖英〗履行（条件等）；执行；遵守（命令等）

e.g.The

conditions of the contract must be fulfilled exactly.

He has sacked his finance minister for“having failed to fulfill his job obligations”.

expectation n.the act of expecting or sth. that is expected预期；预期的事物

e.g.We thought Mary would pass the test, but against expectation, shedidn’t.

Now that our two groups have merged we can all havegreat expectations for the future.

Collocations:

come up to / live up to / meet expectation不负所望

fall short of expectation辜负期望

great / high expectation厚望

beyond expectation出乎意料地

dean n.(insome universities)a person in charge of a division of study or in charge of studies and their

behaviour（某些大学的）学院院长；系主任；训导长，学监

e.g.The Dean will be taking allfreshmen on a tour of the department this afternoon.

He has obtained the consent of thedeanfor going abroad.

dawn n.thetime of day when light first appears; the first appearance of light in the skybefore the sun rises黎明，拂晓

e.g.I’ve never seen a dawn asbeautiful as the one this morning.

Whendawncame, his bed lamp was still burning.

tension n.(a feeling of) nervous anxiety, worry, orpressure; an anxious, untrusting, and perhaps dangerous condition in therelationship between people, countries, etc.紧张，焦虑，焦急（的心情）；（人与人，国家与国家等之间的）紧张关系，紧张局势

e.g.You could feel the tension inthe room as we waited for our exam results.

The incident has further increased thetensionbetween the two countries.

approach vi.come near or nearer in time临近

e.g.New Year’s Day is

approaching and we are planning a fancy-dress ball (化妆舞会).

Lunchtime is approaching, so let’s take a break now.

due a.(esp.

showing arrangements made in advance) expected or supposed (to happen, arrive,

etc.)约定的；预期的，该发生的；应到达的

e.g.The next train is due in twenty minutes.

The next meeting is due to be held in three months’time.

oversleep vi.sleepbeyond the intended time for getting up睡得过久，睡过了头

e.g.John

was late for work again because he overslept.

I missed the train this morning because I oversleptagain.

multiply vt.greatly increase in number or amount; combine by

multiplication（使）大大增加；乘，使相乘

e.g.Cigarettesmoking multiplies the risk of cancer.

He said that combining the two field armies would multiply theirstrength not just by two but several times over.

deliberately ad.done in away that is intended or planned故意地；深思熟虑地；盘算周到地

e.g.She deliberatelyignored me when I passed her in the street.

I’m sure he says these things deliberately to annoyme.

perceive vt.[not

in progressive forms]fml(come to) have knowledge of (sth.)through one of the senses (esp. the sight) through the mind; become consciousof or understand［不用进行式］〖正式〗察觉，发觉；意识到；领悟，理解

e.g.He perceived a subtle change in her manner as they were having dinnertogether.

I perceived a note of unhappiness in his voice.

psychologically ad.as regards mental health and well-being心理上；用心理学方法；精神上

e.g.Boys mature more slowly thangirls both physically and psychologically.

I waspsychologicallyunprepared for her refusal.

ultimately ad.finally, after

everything else has been done or considered最后地，终极地

e.g.A poor dietwill ultimately lead to illness.

Everything willultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.

trap vt.place or hold

firmly with no possibility of escape困住，关住；使陷于绝境

e.g.Linda was trapped in an unhappy marriage.

The two men died when they were trapped in a burningbuilding.

unique a.[no comp.]being the only one of its type; unusual; greater or esp. better than any

other［无比较级］唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，罕见的，不平常的

e.g.None of these social problems is unique to this country.

Each person’s genetic code is unique except in the

case of identical twins.

work on exerciseinfluence on对……施加影响；起作用于

e.g.Thismedicine will work on the affected part.

Don’t worry. He might accept our suggestion if someoneworks on him properly.

come to[no pass.]to arrive at a

particular state or position［无被动语态］达到（某种状态、状况）；结果是

e.g.It hascome to my notice that the money is missing.

After many years, his planshave come to fulfillment.

major in study as thechief subject(s) when doing a university degree（在大学）主修

e.g.He majorsin English, whereas his sister majors in medicine.

She majored in philosophy at Harvard.

pay off (of a plan or an action,

especially one that involves risk) tobe

successful and bring good results取得成果，得到好结果

e.g.Did yourplan pay off finally?

It’ll be interesting to see if the investment paysoff.

after all in spite of everything毕竟，终究

e.g.Of courseI admire her — after all, she is a great politician.

Don’t blame on him, after all, he is a greenhand.

under pressure in a condition of being forced or hurried; in or into a condition ofbeing persuaded or influenced forcibly; not in one’s own will在压力下；在强制下；被迫

e.g.He’s feltunder pressure since his wife had the operation.

Many students are under pressure tokeep up with their schoolwork.

put together form by combining parts or members组成

e.g.I think wecan put together a very strong team for the open debate.

In only a hundred days, Henry andI put together a brand-new car.

point out draw attention to the fact; show who or what(a particular person or thing) is, esp. by pointing指出，指明；把……指出来（给……看）

e.g.I wouldlike to point out that if we don’t leave now we shall miss the bus.

The salesman pointed out all the new features of thehi-fi.

Zooming In : An Integrated English Course, Book 1, Text A, 2014, Shanghai Foreign language Education Press