以下是一些关于测试的基本gem的引入和初始化，方便以后copy&past。

1. 引入gem

# rspec-rails is a testing framework for Rails 3.x and 4.x.
# https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails
gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.2.1'

# Collection of testing matchers extracted from Shoulda
# http://matchers.shoulda.io
gem 'shoulda-matchers', :require => false

# A library for setting up Ruby objects as test data
# https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
gem 'factory_girl_rails', '~> 4.4.1'

# Code coverage for Ruby 1.9+ with a powerful configuration library and automatic merging of coverage across test suites
# https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov
gem 'simplecov', '~> 0.7.1'

执行 bundle.

2. rSpec setup

2.1 执行 rails generate rspec:install
2.2 忽略 rspec

3. factory_girl setup

3.1 在spec/spec_helper.rb内加入
require 'factory_girl_rails'
3.2 在RSpec.configure do |config|后面加入
config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

4. Shoulda matchers setup for rSpec

在spec/rails_helper.rb内加入
require 'shoulda/matchers'

5. simpleCov Setup

5.1 在spec/spec_helper.rb内插入

if ENV["sc"]
  require 'simplecov'
  SimpleCov.start 'rails'
end

5.2 忽略simpleCov coverage report directory
在ignore内加入
coverage/