——选自fs网站( 吉玛译 )
Before you get started: Filter the book by reading the preface, index, table of contents, and inside jacket. This tells you where the author is going to take you and, importantly, the vocabulary they will use.
开始阅读之前:先阅读前言、索引、目录和内封面内容，大概的浏览一遍书。你便知作者将带你去哪里，以及重要的使用词汇。
There are three steps to effectively taking notes while reading:
在阅读过程中，有三个有效地记笔记步骤：
1. At the end of each chapter write a few bullet points that summarize what you've read and make it personal if you can — that is, apply it to something in your life. Also note any unanswered questions. When you're done the book, put it down for a week.
在每一章的结尾写上几个要点，总结你读过的内容，并将其个人化——也就是说，把它应用到你生活中的某些事情上。还要记下任何未解的问题。当你读这本书的时候，将其放在边上一个星期。
2.Pick up the book again and go through all your notes. Most of these will be garbage but there will be lots you want to remember. Write the good stuff on the inside cover of the book along with a page number.
重新拿起书，把你所有的笔记都浏览一遍。大部分都是垃圾，但有很多是你想记住的东西。把好的东西写在书的内封面并标上页码。
3. Copy out the excerpts by hand or take a picture of them to pop into Evernote. Tag accordingly.
抄写些摘录，或者把它们拍成照片，放到印象笔记中。贴上相应的标签.
Dear Shane,
亲爱的肖恩
Can you tell me how you take notes while reading?— Jeff
你能告诉我你在读书的时候如何做笔记吗?—杰夫
I've been asked this question a lot. What they are really getting at is … how can I better understand what I'm reading.
我经常被问到这个问题。他们真正的想要了解的是…我如何更好的理解我所阅读的书籍。
Knowledge acquisition from reading is a function of what you read (and how you read), what you retain and connect, and the ability retrieve information and make connections to hypothesize about the future.
从阅读中获取的知识是你所阅读(以及你如何阅读)、你所记住和联想到的内容的一种功能，以及检索信息和建立对未来的假设的一种能力。
In recent years I've focused on building a good system to improve my ability to retain more of what I read.
近年来，我一直致力于建立一个良好的系统，以提高我的阅读记忆能力。
One of the best ways to better filter and connect ideas is to read with pen in hand so you can take notes while reading. This Marginalia — the tiny fragments that come into your head while reading — is a dying but important art that helps you remember what you read.
手拿着钢笔阅读是能够更好的过滤和连接想法的最好方法之一，这样你就可以在阅读的时候记笔记。标注——阅读时这些微小的片段会进入你脑海——是一种枯燥但重要的艺术，它帮助你记住你所读的内容。
Like almost everything in life there is no magical answer that fits everyone.
就像生活中几乎所有的事情一样，没有神奇的答案能适合每个人。
I can speak to the three-step process that works effectively for me and scales well. I've used it on as few as 10 books as as many as 150 books a year. In the end, you're going to need to create a system that works for you.
我认为三步骤的过程，对我来说是有效的，而且非常有效。无论我每年读10本书，还是150本书，我都是用这种办法。最后，您需要创建一个对您有效的系统。
While this sounds like a bit of trial and error (because it is), it's the only way to create lasting habit changes, improve your recall, and be able to easily find that passage you're looking for.
虽然听起来像是一种尝试和错误(因为它就是)，但它是唯一的方法，来创造持久的习惯改变，提高你的回忆，并且能够很容易地找到你正在寻找的文章。
Taking Notes While Reading
阅读时记笔记
Step One.
第一步
The first thing I do when I pick up a book is read the preface, the table of contents, and the inside jacket. Often, I'll glance over the index too. This doesn't take long and often saves me time, as a lot of books do not make it past this filter. Maybe it doesn't contain the information I'm trying to gain. If it seems crappy, I'll flip to a few random pages to verify.
当我拿起一本书的时，我做的第一件事就是阅读前言、目录和内封面。通常，我也会浏览索引。这不会花很长时间，而且经常会节省我的时间，因为很多书都没有忽略这个“过滤器”。也许它不包含我想要获得的信息。如果它看起来很糟糕，我将会翻到一些随机的页面来验证。
This filter is a form of systematic skimming. This isn't my term, Mortimer Adler, a guy who literally wrote the the book on reading, came up with it. Adler says there are four levels of reading. I tend to blend inspectional reading and analytical reading together for most books.
这个“过滤器”是一种系统的略读形式。这不是我的用词，莫蒂默·阿德勒，他写了一本关于阅读的书，并提出。阿德勒说，有四种阅读水平。我倾向于把检查阅读和分析阅读结合在一起。
When I start reading the book, I have an idea what it's about, the main argument, and some of the terminology involved. I know where the author is going to take me and the broad strokes of how they will bring me along.
当我开始读这本书的时候，我会思考，它是关于什么的，主要的论点，和一些相关的术语。我会知道作者将带我去哪里，以及他们大致将如何带领我前进。
While reading, I take notes. I circle words I need to look up. I star points that I think are critical to the argument. I underline anything that strikes me as interesting. I comment like a mad man in the margins. I try to tease out assumptions, etc.
在阅读的时候，我做笔记。我圈出我需要查的单词。我会在我认为对争论至关重要观点上画星号。我在任何让我觉得有趣的内容画下划线。我就像一个疯子一样在旁边做评论。我试着梳理设想，等等。
Essentially, I'm trying to engage in a conversation with the author. Maybe my questions will be answered on the next page or in the next chapter. Maybe I'll need to find another book to answer them. Who knows. But I write them down.
本质上，我试图和作者进行一次对话。也许我的问题将在下一页或下一章得到回答。也许我需要找另一本书来得到回答。谁知道呢。但我把它们记下来。
At the end of each chapter I write a few bullet points that summarize what I've just read. When I'm done, I write a brief summary of the entire book and then I do something few other people do. I let the book age.
在每一章的结尾，我会写几个要点，总结了我刚刚读到的内容。当我读完一本书，我会写这一整本书的概要，然后我做了一些很少人会做的事情。我把书放在一旁。
I put the book on my desk and I won't touch it for anywhere from a few days to a week. This is very important.
我把书放在我的桌子上，几天甚至到一周，我都不碰它。这是非常重要的。
Step two.
第二步
When I pick the book up again, I re-read every scribble, underline, and comment I've made (assuming I can still read my writing).
当我重新拾起这本书的时候，我重读了所有的涂鸦、下划线和评论(假设我还能读到我的笔记)。
I'm not the same person I was the first time I read the book, two things have changed: (1) I've read the entire book and (2) I've had a chance to sleep on what may have seemed earth-shattering at the time but now just seems meh.
我不是第一次读这本书的那个人，两个地方发生了变化:(1)我已经读过整本书，(2)我曾经有过一个机会去睡觉，也许在当时看来是惊天动地的事情，但现在看来，似乎只是一种幻觉。
If something still strikes my interest, I write a note in the first few pages of the book, in my own words, on the topic. Often this is a summary but increasingly it's ways to apply the knowledge. I index this to the page number in the book.
如果我感兴趣的话，我会在书的前几页，用我自己的话，写一篇关于这个话题的笔记。通常这是一个总结，但越来越多的是应用知识方法。我把它编入索引中并标上书中的页码。
Sometimes, and this depends on the book, I'll create a sort of mental summary of the book's main arguments and gaps. Sometimes I'll cross-link points with other books.
有时，这取决于书，我将会对书的主要论点和差异做一个心理总结。有时我会用其他的书来交换观点。
Step 3 (optional but highly effective).
步骤3(非强制但非常有效)。
Wait a few days. Then go through the book and copy out excerpts by hand and put them into your repository or common place book. I use these notes to connect and synthesize ideas as I read.
过几天。然后翻翻这本书，抄录节选，放到你的知识库或普通的书中。在阅读的时候用这些笔记来连接和综合想法。
To aid recall connect the ideas to something you already have in your mind. Is it a continuation of the idea? Does it replace an idea? Is it the same idea in a difference discipline? I add these connections to my notes and percolate them in my mind. Often I turn out to be mistaken but that's the process.
为了帮助回忆，把这些想法和你脑海中已经有的内容联系起来。这是想法的延续吗? 它代替了一个想法吗? 在差异学科中也是同样的想法吗? 我将这些联系添加到我的笔记中，并将它们渗透到我的脑海中。通常情况下我发现我是错的，但这就是过程。
Most of the time, you get to see the ideas on Farnam Street. You can see how I connect and contextualize ideas, linking them across disciplines. I find writing about the ideas really helps me develop my understanding.
大多数时候，你可以在法南姆大街上看到这些想法。您可以明白我是如何连接和关联想法，并将它们与各个学科联系起来的。我发现写下这些想法真的能帮助我进一步理解。
Even if you don't share your thoughts with millions of people you can do the same thing with Evernote, which is searchable, easy to use, and free. Personally, I do not use technology as a substitute for the non-technological approach mentioned above but rather as a complement.
即使你不与数百万人分享你的想法，你也可以用印象笔记做同样的事情，它便于查阅，易于使用，而且是免费的。就我个人而言，我不使用技术来代替上述非技术方法，而是作为一种补充。
I rarely listen to books but if you are listening to a book, create a new note for that book and type in notes as you are listening. I know a few people that do not take notes as they are listening because they listen in the car on the way to work. They find that sitting down right away when they get to work and typing up notes is an effective way to improve recall although the notes are less accurate.
我很少听书，但如果你在听一本书，听的时候，创建一个新的笔记，并输入注释。我知道一些人，他们听书的时候不记笔记，因为他们在上班的路上的车里听的。他们发现，当他们到达工作地点做笔记的时候，立刻坐下来，是提高回忆的有效方法，尽管笔记的准确性不高。
Link: The Top 3 Most Effective Ways to Take Notes While Reading
