#数据

data <- data.frame(

  name = c("DD","with himself","with DC","with Silur" ,"DC","with himself","with DD","with Silur" ,"Silur","with himself","with DD","with DC" ),

  average = sample(seq(1,10) , 12 , replace=T),

  number = sample(seq(4,39) , 12 , replace=T)

)

查看数据

data

#调整间距，边距分别是：上、右、下、左

par(mar=c(6,4,4,4))

#画图

my_bar <- barplot(data$average ,

                  border=F ,

                  names.arg=data$name ,

                  las=2,  # 1是水平，2是垂直

                  col=c(rgb(0.3,0.1,0.4,0.6) , rgb(0.3,0.5,0.4,0.6) , rgb(0.3,0.9,0.4,0.6) ,  rgb(0.3,0.9,0.4,0.6)) ,

                  ylim=c(0,13) ,

                  main="" )

#加线

abline(v=c(4.9 , 9.7) , col="grey")

#加文本

text(my_bar,

    data$average+0.4 ,

    paste("n: ", data$number, sep="") ,

    cex=1)

#图列

legend("topleft",

      legend = c("Alone","with Himself","With other genotype" ) ,

      col = c(rgb(0.3,0.1,0.4,0.6) , rgb(0.3,0.5,0.4,0.6) , rgb(0.3,0.9,0.4,0.6) ,  rgb(0.3,0.9,0.4,0.6)) ,

      bty = "n",  # 边框类型，"n"代表无边框

      pch=20 ,    # 图例点的样式，这里使用实心圆点

      pt.cex = 2,  # 图例点的大小比例因子，这里设置为2倍大小

      cex = 0.8,  # 图例文字的大小比例因子，这里设置为0.8倍大小

      horiz = FALSE, # 图例的排列方式，这里是垂直排列

      inset = c(0.05, 0.05)) # 图例的位置偏移量，这里表示相对于绘图区域的左上角偏移量为0.05个单位的长度。