一.课文内容
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters,were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing over head and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
二.小词积累
1. 撞:crash（into air crash 空难）smash（into ）collide（with）
Definition：
crash:
Boom! Bam! Pow! A crashis when two things collide, or smash, into each other.Crashand smash have similar meanings and sounds.
You can start to worry when you hear the wordcrash. Many people die in car and airplane crashes every year. Other crashes are less physical yet just as bad. In a stock-market crash, a lot of people lose a lot of money. You can also usecrashas a verb. You'd better not crash your bike into the coffee shop window! If your computer crashes, you will probably lose all the data in it.
用法：crash（忽然跌下）可以把飞机做主语，也可以把飞机里的人做主语。例如：An
aeroplane crashed on a hillside near Tokyo last week. 和 The aviator crashed on a
hillside near Tokyo last week.
collide
是个瞬间动词（第四类）。可以是两件都在移动中或者一件在移动中而另一件在静止中的物体相碰撞。【例如】The two vehiclescollidedhead-on. 两辆车迎头相撞。/ He was so close behind me that he almostcollidedwith me when I stopped. 他在我后面很近，我一停下来，他就几乎同我相撞。/ A carcollidedviolently with a telephone pole yesterday morning. 昨天上午一辆汽车猛地撞上了一根电话杆。但是由此派生的名词collision必须是两件物体都在运动中。【例如】The two trains came intocollision.两列火车彼此相撞。
smash
Smashdescribes the kind of complete deformation resulting from a heavy, noisy blow. This word suggests theshatteringof something brittle either by throwing it or by throwing something against it:smashingthe window with his bare fist: Hesmashedthe bottle to smithereens against the rocks.
2. 同龄人： peer ，cohort of my age
cohort
is a group of people who are around the same age, like a cohort of college students who have similar experiences and concerns.
The wordcohortwas originally used to describe a military unit in ancient Rome. You can see how this retains traces of the word’s origins: cohorts are bound together by similar circumstances just like a group of soldiers in a military unit. Some language purists insist that the word only describe a group, such as a cohort of accountants, but it can also refer to companions or supporters, such as “Susie and her cohorts.”
3. 尽管：regardless， despite， in spite of
4. 安然无恙:
unhurt; safe and sound（声音，好），intact（一般不指人，多指物）the driver is safe and sound，and the car is intact；
5. 世界末日doom's day
6. helicopter parent 太过保护孩子的家长
7. 天灾人祸natural disaster and catastrophe caused by human being
8. 取得联系:reach sb.(reach out to是“帮助别人” 或者“寻求帮助” )；communicate；get in touch with)
9. freshman大一；
sophomore大二（A sophomoreis in their second year, either in high school or college. Once you became asophomore, thinking you now knew everything, you pitied the freshmen for their confusion over how to write college papers.We also use the word for other seconds: a band's second album is usually called their sophomore album）；
junior大三；
senior大四
10. boarding school寄宿学校
11. 逃课：play truant,cut class;skip class
12. have the guts to do sth.有勇气做某事；gut 还有直觉的意思
13. 选修课：elective course；必修课：compulsary course
14. 肯定地，毫无疑问地：surely ，undoubtly ，certainly
很少地，几乎没有地：barely ，seldom ，rarely
15. 打破纪录：set up a new record/break a record
16. when you in deep water/shit，处于水深火热之中
17. SOS（save our souls）
三.语法讲解
1.heard sb do（听到一个动作）/doing（听到一个过程）
Mr Brain has just heard Zheng Jie playing the piano in a concert .布雷恩先生刚刚听了郑杰在音乐会上的钢琴演奏。
I read about you in the newspaper and decided to come and hear you play .
Fortunately people want to come and hear me play .
【讲解】①在上述三个句子中，可归纳为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式( play ) ,也可以是v - ing形式( playing ) .
②在see , hear , feel , watch , notice等表示感觉的动词后，既可用v - ing构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的动词不定式构成复合宾语。两者之间有时有差别。用v - ing ,表示动作正在进行，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束；用不定式则表示动作发生了。hear sb . do sth .只说明“听到某人做某事”这件事，强调结果，故常用来表经常性和重复性行为，hear sb . doing sth .强调“听到某人正做某事”。类似的动词还有see , notice , look at , listen to等。试比较：
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (讲时还在敲)
I heard someone knock at the door three times . (讲时敲的动作已结束)
I noticed her coming into the room .
I noticed her come into her room and sit down on one chair
2. long before 很久以前，before long不久，很快
(1)老早，早就(单独使用，表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如：
She had left long before.她老早就离开了。
That had happenedlong before.那事老早就发生了。
注：long ago表示“很久以前”，指的是从现在算起的很久以前，通常与一般过去时连用：
I met him long ago.我很久以前就认识他了。
(2)在……的很久以前，在还没有……的很久以前。如：
She had left long before his return [he returned].在他回来的很久以前她就走了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married.在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。
注：此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时，但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before已体现了动作的先后关系)。如：
This happened long before you were born.这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
It is [was, will be]long before......在……前需要很久。如：
It was long before he came back.过了好久他才回来。
It won't be long before we see each other.不久我们又会见面的。
比较：
It wasn't long before he realized his mistake. /Before long he realized his mistake.不久他意识到了自己的错误。
3. snow lay thick on the ground以物做主语，it happened（happen为不及物动词，没有被动语态）
四. 读音纠正（来源于小伙伴们的纠音，非常感谢）
1. pilot(schwa sound ）,suffer, discover， sofa，yoga，cinema,idea, china, criteria, famous，nervous词尾非重读的元音细听下来都是倒写的e,即央元音；
2. Perfect 这种双音节的实词，形容词读作/'pɜːfɪkt/，动词读作/pə'fekt/
3. Penalty Penalize /'pinəlaɪz/
Compare Comparable /'kɑmpərəbl/
Wild animal Bewildering
perseverance /ˌpɝsə'vɪrəns/
4. 4个人称代词Him her his he ，3个助动词have has had 在句中时, h一般不发音，并且和前面的词发生辅元连读。
5. 重音stress: 正如Eric一直强调的，Stress是发音的重点，一共有3种，1. word stress 2. compound word stress 3. sentence stress 而语调的上扬和下降就取决于sentence stress, 所以它也叫tonic stress 语调重音
一般来说，像 un- in- um- im- 这样的否定前缀，都不会重读，重音都落在它们之后，所以就像Eric说的那样，uni可以读的很清楚，也可以连读。unimaginative 这个词太长，所以词首加了次重音，但重音还是在un之后。此外，重读也是相对的 次重读不要超过重读就好了。
Dry river bed 像这种三个实词放在一起的时候，为了保持节奏感，中间的那个实词往往读的都不是很重，即两头重，中间轻。如果碰到三个单音节的实词，这个时候倾向于三个单词上扬，同时中间有pause, 比如two small bear中two和small中间停一下，small和bear中间也停一下。他们管这叫stress timing.
Local authorities 两个单词都实词重读，但后面的authorities 由于在结尾，它的重音算tonic stress, 应比前面的local 读的再重些。
when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago ,it crashed in the mountains . ago语调上扬，以表示话没说完
6. /i：/和/i/是有区别的，/i：/比较长，像衣的读音 ，譬如sleep，而/i/读音短促，比较慵懒，譬如if；
7. City 和set up 中的t因为在两个元音中间，并且t 后面的音节不重读，所以t 读的有点像d, 具体的读法是舌尖上抬点一下齿龈然后瞬速落下，还有类似的读音，如better，water, party
8. biscuit/'bɪskɪt/，thousands s读成/z/
9. school usually all 要有卷舌,舌头要往上翘。School all usually 这三个词l 在元音后面时，叫dark l，AAT 中说我们在练习美音中的dark l 时可以a. 把舌头从齿间伸出，b. 在l的后面加一个微弱的schwa sound 帮助我们加强这个音。有些美国人发这个音时，舌头是不抬起来抵上齿龈的，一共三个人，都来自美国中西部。
kill和cure的区别：kill要把l发出来，要不然就像cure的读音
10. Shady 中的/ei/是双元音，类似于远处有人在喊我们的名字时，我们大声应答的声音。
11. Spot 中的元音应该是口型开口度较大的/a/，可能是想美国人在西进运动时一片一片的种庄稼，那时地广人稀，通话基本靠喊，所以你现在听中西部的美音基本都把o喊成了/a/，可以听他们怎么发god, job. 相对来说，你听东部和南部的口音还是开口度比较小的。3. Sherrif你说的也对。/r/音我在读时会想到r在美音的强势位置，总是会有意读的很重，因此后面的音节听着也重了。说到这，美音(GA)还有一个叫r-coloring现象，即r音前面的元音会染上r音，这个你可以听他们读hero, zero, oral时元音舌位的变化，都是偏r音的。
12 . 美式 英式
operation/ˌɑpə'reʃən/ /ɒpə'reɪʃ(ə)n/
/æ/ /ɑː /
讲解：/咧嘴的梅花/æ/与卷舌的长音/ɑr/：英美语中都存在/æ/音，具体的发音方法也没什么差别。许多学习英语发音的人在发这个音时口型开不到位，发得不饱满。嘴尽可能张大，最好下巴再向前伸一下，基本就会发准的。虽说英美语在这个音上没什么分歧，然而它们对于这个音各自的运用却是截然不同的，且美语里不存在/ɑ:/音。我们可以参照国际音标简洁地归纳出美语的/æ/音运用规则：英语中原本发/æ/音的，在美语里同样发/æ/音；英语中的/ɑ:/音在美语里分别由/æ/与/ɑr/两种形式来对应。但凡英语音标为/ɑ:/且单词中对应的是ar组合（如car），那么美语中的对应音标为/ɑr/，在发音时要注意在收尾时发出/r/音，如Car /ka:/ /kɑr/。而对于英语中发/ɑ:/但词中无字母R的单词（如pass），美语中则基本（father中的a在英式中发/a:/，而美式中发/a/）一律发成/æ/音,如Pass /pa:s/ /pæs/。在这一点上英美语最有意思的分歧是CAN’T这个词，音标分别是/ca:nt/ /cænt/，体会体会吧。
last /læst/ /lɑːst/
can't /kænt/ /kɑːnt/
其他类
figure /'fɪɡjɚ/ /'fɪgə/
from /frʌm/ /frɒm/
美音多加r，而英音多不加r
13.hard r 的读音要读出来，自己经常不读，要注意，类似的还有normally，article（中间的r要发出来啊）
14. when it /whe nit/
asked /t/ 梅花音
following ing的部分太轻
exactly 音不清楚
参考blue:文章的语音语调的重读：the same policeman/answer same都应该重读，最后的警察发怒后，yesterday,Before应该重读表示情绪
