1995年接受采访的乔布斯，那时他还未返回苹果

以下摘自乔布斯1995年接受Bob Cringley采访时所说的原话：

1.什么是一流人才？

乔布斯：

我之所以成功，很大程度是因为找到了真正有天分的人才。不是二流、三流人才，而是真正的一流人才。

当你在高强度的工作过程中，千辛万苦找到五个顶尖人才，并把他们聚在一起时，他们会真的喜欢一起工作，因为以前从没有这样的机会。这个时候，他们就不想再想和二流、三流人才共事了。这又继续演变成一种自我约束行为，他们也只会想聘“顶尖人才”。

假如你找到的是真的非常棒的人才，他们会知道自己很棒。你不需要悉心呵护他们的自尊心，真正重要的是工作表现。他们也非常清楚，最重要的是工作表现。

我想，你能替他们做的最重要的事，就是告诉他们哪里还不够好，而且要说得非常清楚，解释为什么，然后把他们拉回正轨。

但是说话的方式，你要注意不能让他们觉得你在质疑他们的能力，同时你也不能留给他们太多空间来解释为什么东西不够好。这很难，所以我一直用最直接的方式，如果你访问和我共事过的同事，有些人会告诉你他们的确痛恨这种方式。但是那些真正杰出的人，他们会觉得这个方式对他们有益。

我有时会骂某人的工作成果像狗屎，这通常只意味他们的工作成果像狗屎，有的时候是我说错了，但通常情况下，那意味着他们的成果离“很好”还差得很远。

我想，若问麦金塔团队成员他们的感受，很多人会说他们不曾如此卖命过，有些会说那是他们最快乐的时光，不过我想所有人都会说，这肯定是他们人生中，最刺激也最珍贵的经历。

乔布斯原话：

Very few things in life are like this but what I was lucky enough to spend my life in is like this. And so I’ve built a lot of my success off finding these truly gifted people and not settling for B and C players but really going for the A players and I found something. I found that when you get enough players together when you go through the incredible work to find five of these players， they really like working with each other because they’ve never had a chance to do that before. And they don’t want to work with B and C players. And so it becomes self policing and they only want to hire more A players and so you build up these pockets of a players and it propagates.

I think if you talk to a lot of people on the Mac team, they will tell you it’s the hardest they’ve ever worked in their life. Some of them will tell you that it was the happiest they’ve ever been in their life. But I think all of them will tell you that is certainly one of the most intense and cherished experiences they well ever have in their life.

It usually means their work is shit. Sometimes it means I think your work is shit and I’m wrong. But usually it means their work is not anywhere near good enough. When you get really good people they know they’re really good and you don’t have to baby people’s egos so much and what really matters is the work and everybody knows that.

That’s all that matters is the work. People are being counted on to do specific pieces of the puzzle and the most important thing I think you can do for somebody who is really good an who’s really being counted on is to point out to them when their work isn’t good enough. And to do it very clearly and to articulate why and to get them back on track. And you need to do that in a way but leaves not too much room for interpretation that the work they have done for this particular thing is not good enough to support the goal of the team. And that’s hard thing to do. And I’ve always taken a very direct approach. And I think if you talk to people that have worked with me the really good people have found it beneficial. Some people have hated it you know.

2.会制造噪音的团队，才会磨出美丽的石头

乔布斯：

每次刚开始策划新产品时，我们会有很多很棒的想法，整个团队都对他们自己的想法深信不疑。这一刻，我总会想起小时候的一幕：

我在街上遇到一个丧偶的男人，他已经八十岁了，我记得他花钱请我帮他除草。有一天他说，到我的车库来，我有东西给你看。接着，他拉出老旧的磨石机，架子上只有一个马达、咖啡罐和连接两者的皮带。我们到后院捡了一些石头，都是普通、老旧、不起眼的石头。我们把石头丢进罐里，倒点水，加点粗砂粉，把罐子盖起来。他打开马达说：“明天再来看看。”

我第二天过来，打开罐子，拿出来的是令人惊艳，美极了的石头！本来只是寻常不过的石头，经过互相摩擦、互相砥砺，发出些许噪音，结果变成了美丽光滑的石头。这件事我一直记在脑海里。

在我心里，这个比喻，最能代表一个为理想奋斗的团队的样子。它集合了一群才华洋溢的伙伴，他们互相冲撞、争执，甚至大吵，制造一些噪音。但是，在工作过程中，他们会让对方变得更棒，也让点子变得更棒，最后的结果，就是产出“美丽的石头”。

乔布斯原话：

And so we had a lot of great ideas when we started but what I’ve always felt that a team of people doing something they really believe in is like when I was a young kid there was a widowed man that lived up the street. And he was in his 80s. He was a little scary looking. And I got to know him a little bit. I think he might have paid me to mow his lawn or something.

One day he said come on into my garage I want to show you something. And he pulled out this dusty old rock tumbler. It was a motor and a coffee can and a little band between them. And he said come on with me. We went out to the back and we got some rocks. Some regular old ugly rocks. And we put them in the can with a little bit of liquid and a little bit of grit powder. We closed the can up and he turned this motor on and said come back tomorrow. And this can was making a racket as the stones went around. And I came back the next day and we opened the can and we took out these amazingly beautiful polished rocks. The same common stones that had gone ong, through rubbing against each other like this, creating a little bit of friction, creating a little bit of noise, had come out these beautiful polished rocks.

That’s always been in my mind my metaphor for a team working really hard on something they’re passionate about is that it’s through the team through that group of incredibly talented people bumping up against each other, having arguments, having fights sometimes. Making some noise. And working together they polish each other and they polish the ideas. And what comes out are these really beautiful stones.

3.什么是伟大的愿景？

乔布斯：

我小时候在《科学家》杂志读到过一篇文章，说的是科学家研究地球上各物种的运动效率，有熊、黑猩猩、浣熊、鸟类和鱼类，测量它们行走每公里需要花费多少大卡，人类也在这个测试中。结果是兀鹫胜出，它是最有效率的物种，而自命不凡的人类表现不怎么起眼，排名也就在前三分之一的位置。

不过有人很聪明，测量了一下人类骑自行车的效率，这就让兀鹫落了下风，从而称霸整个排行榜。

这件事对我的影响很大，我谨记：人类是工具的建造者。我们所创造的工具，可以大幅增强我们的能力。早年在苹果真的有这样的广告，说个人计算机是心灵的自行车。我衷心相信，在人类所有的发明中，计算机的排名一定高高在上，日后必定如此，它是我们发明过最棒的工具。

我很幸运，能够躬逢其盛，能在硅谷亲眼目睹它的成形。一场太空旅行，出发时失之毫厘，到了太空中便差之千里。我觉得我们仍在航道的开始处，假如能够朝正确的方向航行，它会发展成更好的东西。

乔布斯原话：

I read an article when I was very young in Scientific American and it measured the efficiency of locomotion for various species and the planet. So for bears and chimpanzees and raccoons and birds and fish. How many kilocalories per kilometer did they spend to move? And humans were measured too. And the condor won. It was the most efficient. And mankind, the crown of creation, came in with a rather unimpressive showing about a third of the way down the list.

But somebody there had the brilliance to test a human riding a bicycle. Blew away the condor. All the way off the charts. And I remember this really had an impact on me. I really remember this that humans are tool builder and we build tools that can dramatically amplify our innate human abilities. And to me we actually ran an ad like this in the early days at Apple the personal computer was the bicycle of the mind and I believe that with every bone in my body that of all the inventions of humans the computer is going to rank near, if not, at the top as history unfolds and we look back. And it is the most awesome tool that we have ever invented and I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in Silicon Valley at exactly the right time historically where this invention has taken form.

And as you know when you set a vector off in space if you can change its direction a little bit at the beginning it’s dramatic when it gets a few miles out in space. I feel we are still really at the beginning of that vector. And if we can nudge it in the right directions it will be a much better thing as it progresses on.

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