原文连接

https://github.com/shellhub/blog/issues/29

我们在项目中经常需要用到设置(Setting)，在安卓中主要使用android.preference.PreferenceFragment 和 android.support.v7.preference.PreferenceFragmentCompat，在Android API 28中PreferenceFragment已经过时,推荐使用PreferenceFragmentCompat

This class was deprecated in API level 28.
Use PreferenceFragmentCompat

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添加依赖

implementation group: 'com.android.support', name: 'preference-v7', version: '28.0.0'

创建配置文件

app\src\main\res\xml\preference_setting.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:title="@string/root_title">

    <Preference
        android:key="basic_preference"
        android:title="@string/title_basic_preference"
        android:summary="@string/summary_basic_preference" />

    <Preference
        android:key="stylish_preference"
        android:title="@string/title_stylish_preference"
        android:summary="@string/summary_stylish_preference" />

    <Preference
        android:key="preference_with_icon"
        android:title="Preference with icon"
        android:summary="This preference has an icon"
        android:icon="@android:drawable/ic_menu_camera" />

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="@string/inline_preferences">

        <CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="checkbox_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_checkbox_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_checkbox_preference" />

        <SwitchPreference
            android:key="switch_preference"
            android:title="Switch preference"
            android:summary="This is a switch" />

        <DropDownPreference
            android:key="dropdown_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_dropdown_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_dropdown_preference"
            android:entries="@array/entries_list_preference"
            android:entryValues="@array/entryvalues_list_preference" />

    </PreferenceCategory>

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="@string/dialog_based_preferences">

        <EditTextPreference
            android:key="edittext_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_edittext_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_edittext_preference"
            android:dialogTitle="@string/dialog_title_edittext_preference" />

        <ListPreference
            android:key="list_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_list_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_list_preference"
            android:entries="@array/entries_list_preference"
            android:entryValues="@array/entryvalues_list_preference"
            android:dialogTitle="@string/dialog_title_list_preference" />

        <MultiSelectListPreference
            android:key="multi_select_list_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_multi_list_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_multi_list_preference"
            android:entries="@array/entries_list_preference"
            android:entryValues="@array/entryvalues_list_preference"
            android:dialogTitle="@string/dialog_title_multi_list_preference" />

    </PreferenceCategory>

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="@string/launch_preferences">

        <!-- This PreferenceScreen tag serves as a screen break (similar to page break
             in word processing). Like for other preference types, we assign a key
             here so it is able to save and restore its instance state. -->
        <PreferenceScreen
            android:key="screen_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_screen_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_screen_preference">

            <!-- You can place more preferences here that will be shown on the next screen. -->

            <CheckBoxPreference
                android:key="next_screen_checkbox_preference"
                android:title="@string/title_next_screen_toggle_preference"
                android:summary="@string/summary_next_screen_toggle_preference" />

        </PreferenceScreen>

        <PreferenceScreen
            android:title="@string/title_intent_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_intent_preference">

            <intent android:action="android.intent.action.VIEW"
                android:data="http://www.android.com" />

        </PreferenceScreen>

    </PreferenceCategory>

    <PreferenceCategory
        android:title="@string/preference_attributes">

        <CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="parent_checkbox_preference"
            android:title="@string/title_parent_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_parent_preference" />

        <!-- The visual style of a child is defined by this styled theme attribute. -->
        <CheckBoxPreference
            android:key="child_checkbox_preference"
            android:dependency="parent_checkbox_preference"
            android:layout="?android:attr/preferenceLayoutChild"
            android:title="@string/title_child_preference"
            android:summary="@string/summary_child_preference" />

    </PreferenceCategory>

</PreferenceScreen>

创建SettingFragment

使用addPreferencesFromResource方法添加上一部添加的方法

public class SettingsFragment extends PreferenceFragmentCompat{
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preference_setting.xml);
    }
}

保存与检索

PreferenceFragmentCompat自动保存用户选择的配置信息，然后我们可以通过getDefaultSharedPreferences(android.content.Context)读取键值对配置信息

参考连接

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v7/preference/PreferenceFragmentCompat

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/preference/PreferenceFragment