参考文章：
http://www.cnblogs.com/bethal/p/5945026.html
http://cuidehua.blog.51cto.com/5449828/1858374
https://yq.aliyun.com/ziliao/76926
感谢！

(1)桌面系统

[CentOS 6] GNOME 2.x

[CentOS 7] GNOME 3.x(GNOME Shell)

(2)文件系统

[CentOS 6] ext4

[CentOS 7] xfs

(3)内核版本

[CentOS 6] 2.6.x-x

[CentOS 7] 3.10.x-x

(4)Python版本

[CentOS 6] 2.6

[CentOS 7] 2.7

(5)防火墙

[CentOS 6] iptables

[CentOS 7] firewalld

(6)默认数据库

[CentOS 6] MySQL

[CentOS 7] MariaDB

(7)文件结构

[CentOS 6] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64在/下

[CentOS 7] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64在/usr下

(8)主机名

[CentOS 6] /etc/sysconfig/network

[CentOS 7] /etc/hostname

(9)时间同步

[CentOS 6]

$ ntp

$ ntpq -p

[CentOS 7]

$ chrony

$ chronyc sources

(10)修改时间

[CentOS 6]

$ vim /etc/sysconfig/clock

ZONE="Asia/Tokyo"

UTC=fales

$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo/etc/localtime

[CentOS 7]

$ timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo

$ timedatectl status

(11)修改地区

[CentOS 6]

$ vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="zh_CN.utf8"

$ /etc/sysconfig/i18n

$ locale

[CentOS 7]

$ localectl set-locale LANG=zh_CN.utf8

$ localectl status

实际修改的是文件 /etc/locale.conf

修改 Secure CRT 的Terminal—>Appearance—>“Character encoding”为 UTF-8，控制台方能正常显示中文。

(12)服务相关

*启动停止

[CentOS 6]

$ service service_name start

$ service service_name stop

$ service sshd restart/status/reload

[CentOS 7]

$ systemctl start service_name

$ systemctl stop service_name

$ systemctl restart/status/reload sshd

*自启动

[CentOS 6]

$ chkconfig service_name on/off

[CentOS 7]

$ systemctl enable service_name

$ systemctl disable service_name

*服务一览

[CentOS 6]

$ chkconfig --list

[CentOS 7]

$ systemctl list-unit-files

$ systemctl --type service

*强制停止

[CentOS 6]

$ kill -9

[CentOS 7]

$ systemctl kill --signal=9 sshd

(13)网络

*网络信息

[CentOS 6]

$ netstat

$ netstat -I

$ netstat -n

[CentOS 7]

$ ip n

$ ip -s l

$ ss

* IP地址MAC地址

[CentOS 6]

$ ifconfig -a

[CentOS 7]

$ ip address show

*路由

[CentOS 6]

$ route -n

$ route -A inet6 -n

[CentOS 7]

$ ip route show

$ ip -6 route show

(14)重启关闭

*关闭

[CentOS 6]

$ shutdown -h now

[CentOS 7]

$ poweroff

$ systemctl poweroff

*重启

[CentOS 6]

$ reboot

$ shutdown -r now

[CentOS 7]

$ reboot

$ systemctl reboot

*单用户模式

[CentOS 6]

$ init S

[CentOS 7]

$ systemctl rescue

*启动模式

[CentOS 6]

[GUICUI]

$ vim /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

[CUIGUI]

$ startx

[CentOS 7]

[GUICUI]

$ systemctl isolate multi-user.target

[CUIGUI]

$systemctl isolate graphical.target

默认

$ systemctl set-default graphical.target

$ systemctl set-default multi-user.target

当前

$ systemctl get-default

(15) 网卡命名

[CentOS 6]

eth0

[CentOS 7]

成为了可预见性的命名规则