关注微信公众号「知无涯不逾矩」，后台回复：原则，下载《Principles》英文版mobi电子书。

最近在看桥水基金创始人Ray Dalio的《Principles: Life and Work》。

简单介绍一下Ray：

出身美国普通中产家庭，26岁时被炒鱿鱼后在自己的两居室内创办了BridgeWater（桥水基金），现在Bridgewater管理资金超过1500亿美元，截至2015年年底，盈利超过450亿美元，桥水位列美国最重要的私营公司榜单第五位。Ray曾成功预测2008年金融危机。他入选《时代周刊》世界100位最具影响力人物，并跻身《福布斯》世界前100名富豪行列。

创业一开始，Ray也苦恼于如何创造财富、领导队伍、培养合格的管理层，在积累了多年的投资经验和管理经验后，他逐步把很多工作原则放到Bridgewater的网站上，作为新员工的培训手册，这些“原则”是Ray总结丰富的投资和管理经验后的精华，经过了若干实战考验，也帮助Bridgewater屹立不倒。

当下的社会娱乐至死，经济至上，赚钱是唯一要务。生活在这片神奇大陆的人，大概都干过三件事：炒房、炒股、炒任何能炒的东西（虚拟货币、区块链）。

无数怀揣着伟大梦想的人，最终都活成了自己讨厌的样子——为了房子和车子不得不背负巨额贷款，活成了一个最普通不过的人，熬着生活，慢慢变老。

焦虑感应该是当下社会最共同的气氛，口耳相传的某某炒股赚了若干、某某买房翻了几倍，听的越多，心里越是焦虑，那么各种自媒体、学习平台就有了用武之地——贩卖焦虑和知识付费学习。所以，经常看到各类理财自媒体广告：“运营一年公众号，他月入十万” 、 “学会这个方法，财务自由就不远了”、“手把手教你玩转基金定投，5年赚到1000万”。这些标题都汲取了公众号文章取题的精华，轻松吹起低头族内心的波澜。但越是焦虑，就越是无从下手。

扪心自问，多长时间没有完整的看过一本书了？是不是沉迷于某些自媒体而不能自拔？

有些谈认知、谈财富的自媒体，关注一年坚持每篇都看，说不定还不知道自己应该做什么，俗称智商税。投资界有句话叫：你看上别人的利息，别人却盯着你的本金。换到智商税上就是：你看上自媒体的知识，自媒体却只看重你带来的流量。

人与动物最大的区别是可以独立思考。人最难的是看清自己。

迷茫之时，可以看一看这本《principles》，学习一下思考、认知的规则。

全书总共份三部分：（1）Ray的历程（2）生活原则（3）工作原则。目前我看完了第（1）部分，以下分享第（1）部分中有意义的一些句子，与君共勉。

Every day, each of us is faced with a blizzard of situations we must respond to. Without principles we would be forced to react to all the things life throws at us individually, as if we were experiencing each of them for the first time.

——我们每个人每天都面对暴风雨般的各种情况。如果没有处理原则，那么我们被迫逐个处理，就像我们对每个情况都是初次相遇。

Principles are fundamental truths that serve as the foundations for behavior that gets you what you want out of life. They can be applied again and again in similar situations to help you achieve your goals.

——“原则”是可以在相似情况下反复使用并帮助达成目标的基础真理。

Whatever success I’ve had in life has had more to do with my knowing how to deal with my not knowing than anything I know.

——我的所有成功更多地与我知道如何处理我所不知道的事情有关。

All successful people operate by principles that help them be successful, though what they choose to be successful at varies enormously, so their principles vary.

——富豪的“原则”各不同，但都成功了。

The worst thing you can be is a phony, because if you’re a phony you will lose people’s trust and your own self-respect. So you must be clear about your principles and then you must “walk the talk.” If inconsistencies seem to exist, you should explain them. It’s best to do that in writing because by doing so, you will refine your written principles.

——做人必须表里如一。

Knowing that I could be painfully wrong and curiosity about why other smart people saw things differently prompted me to look at things through the eyes of others as well as my own.

——深知自己可能大错，以及保持着对别人看待事物的好奇，促使我通过我自己和别人的眼光看待事物。

Our DNA gives us our innate strengths and weaknesses.

——人天生就具备能力，但也有缺点。

Over the decades since, I’ve repeatedly seen policymakers deliver such assurances immediately before currency devaluations, so I learned not to believe government policymakers when they assure you that they won’t let a currency devaluation happen. The more strongly they make those assurances, the more desperate the situation probably is, so the more likely it is that a devaluation will take place.

——如何理解政府喊话。

There was no teacher in front of a blackboard telling us what to remember and no tests to see whether we remembered it. Instead we were given actual case studies to read and analyze. Then we gathered in groups to thrash out what we would do if we were in the shoes of the people in those situations.

——没有老师教导你生活原则，更不会测试你有没有记住。

In trading you have to be defensive and aggressive at the same time. If you are not aggressive, you are not going to make money, and if you are not defensive, you are not going to keep money.

——你需要对交易持激进和保守两种态度，前者帮你赚钱，后者帮你守住钱。

There are anxious times in every investor’s career when your expectations of what should be happening aren’t aligned with what is happening and you don’t know if you’re looking at great opportunities or catastrophic mistakes.

——每一个投资者都经历过期望值与现实相差过甚的焦虑时刻，且不知道自己是在寻找机会还是在寻找灾难。

Believe it or not, your pain will fade and you will have many other opportunities ahead of you.

Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.

——有时生活会给你当头一棒。

There is almost always a good path that you just haven’t discovered yet, so look for it until you find it rather than settle for the choice that is then apparent to you.

I believe that all organizations basically have two types of people: those who work to be part of a mission, and those who work for a paycheck.

——所有组织中都有两类人：一类人为了使命而工作，一类人为了薪水而工作。

One has many more supposed friends when one is up than when one is down, because most people like to be with winners and shun losers. True friends are the opposite.

——一个人发达的时候门庭若市，衰落的时候门口罗雀，因为大多数人喜欢与赢家为伍，而不愿接近失败者。真正的朋友却相反。

To me, the greatest success you can have as the person in charge is to orchestrate others to do things well without you. A step below that is doing things well yourself, and worst of all is doing things poorly yourself.

——我认为，最成功的管理者能把其他人管理成像他那样工作，其次就是管理者自己做好工作，最次的是管理者自己都做不好工作。

the tallest poppies in a field are the ones most likely to have their heads whacked off.

——枪打出头鸟

It’s tough to be tough on people.

——对人严苛是件难事。

The proof would be in the pudding.

——实践出真知

They have wider range of vision than most people, either because they have that vision themselves or because they know how to get it from others who can see what they can’t.

——他们的视野比大多数人的更宽广。（他们指Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Reed Hastings, Muhammad Yunus, Geoffrey Canada, Jack Dorsey (of Twitter), David Kelley），不管他们是自己具备这样的视野，还是他们懂得如何从别处获取他们看不到的。

When I asked him about his background in rocketry, he told me he didn’t have one. “I just started reading books,” he said. That’s how shapers think and act.

——我问马斯克关于火箭方面的背景，他告诉我他没有这方面的背景。

In speaking with them and reviewing the questions that led to these ratings, it became clear: When faced with a choice between achieving their goal or pleasing (or not disappointing) others, they would choose achieving their goal every time.

——成功的人从不会为了取悦他人而放弃目标。

The good habits come from thinking repeatedly in a principled way, like learning to speak a language.

——好的习惯来自于通过原则性的方式反复思考，就像练习语言一样。

And just as physical diseases infect people without regard to nationality, so do economic diseases.

——疾病与国籍无关，经济危机也是。

When countries negotiate with one another, they typically operate as if they are opponents in a chess match or merchants in a bazaar in which maximizing one’s own benefit is the sole objective.

——国与国之间的谈判出发点都是最大化本国利益。

Most people who haven’t had direct contact with the leadership of their own and other countries form their views based on what they learn in the media, and become quite naive and inappropriately opinionated as a result.

——国民的观点很大程度上受到传媒的影响，通常会比较天真和不合时宜。

For example, people tend to embrace stories about how their own country is moral and the rival country is not, when most of the time these countries have different interests that they are trying to maximize.

——比如人们通常认为本国是正确的，而对手是错误的，实际上国家之间只是为了利益最大化。

富有与否的感悟：

After I got to know such people personally, I realized that all of them—like me, like everyone—make mistakes, struggle with their weaknesses, and don’t feel that they are particularly special or great. They are no happier than the rest of us, and they struggle just as much or more than average folks.

Having the basics—a good bed to sleep in, good relationships, good food, and good sex—is most important, and those things don’t get much better when you have a lot of money or much worse when you have less.

In fact, having a lot more is worse than having a moderate amount more because it comes with heavy burdens.

In fact, having a lot more is worse than having a moderate amount more because it comes with heavy burdens. Being on top gives you a wider range of options, but it also requires more of you.