习题一
习题要求:修改Tv和Remote类满足题设要求
练习目标:了解友元类的前向声明语法
//tv.h
#ifndef TV_H_
#define TV_H_
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
class Remote;
class Tv
{
friend class Remote;
private:
int state;
int volume;
int maxchannel;
int channel;
int mode;
int input;
public:
enum {Off,On};
enum {MinVal,MaxVal=20};
enum {Antenna,Cable};
enum {TV,DVD};
Tv(int s = Off, int mc = 125) : state(s), volume(5), maxchannel(mc), channel(2), mode(Cable), input(TV) {}
void onoff() {state = (state == On) ? Off : On;}
bool ison() const { return state == On; }
bool volup();
bool voldown();
void chanup();
void chandown();
void set_mode() { mode = (mode == Antenna) ? Cable : Antenna; }
void set_input() { input = (input == TV) ? DVD : TV; }
void set_remote_mode(Remote & r);
void settings() const;
};
class Remote
{
friend class Tv;
private:
int mode;
int remote_mode;
enum {custom,interact};
public:
Remote(int m = Tv::TV) : mode(m), remote_mode(custom) {}
bool volup(Tv &t) { return t.volup(); }
bool voldown(Tv &t) { return t.voldown(); }
void onoff(Tv &t) { t.onoff(); }
void chanup(Tv &t) { t.chanup(); }
void chandown(Tv &t) { t.chandown(); }
void set_chan(Tv &t, int c) { t.channel = c; }
void set_mode(Tv &t) { t.set_mode(); }
void set_input(Tv &t) { t.set_input(); }
void show_mode(Tv &t);
};
#endif // !EMP_H_
//tv.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include"tv.h"
bool Tv::volup()
{
if (volume < MaxVal)
{
volume++;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool Tv::voldown()
{
if (volume > MinVal)
{
volume--;
return true;
}
else return false;
}
void Tv::chanup()
{
if (channel < maxchannel)
channel++;
else channel = 1;
}
void Tv::chandown()
{
if (channel > 1)
channel--;
else
channel = maxchannel;
}
void Tv::set_remote_mode(Remote & r)
{
if(state == On)
r.remote_mode = (r.remote_mode == r.custom) ? r.interact : r.custom;
}
void Tv::settings() const
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "Tv is " << (state == Off ? "Off" : "On") << endl;
if (state == On)
{
cout << "Volume setting = " << volume << endl;
cout << "Channel setting = " << channel << endl;
cout << "Mode = "
<< (mode == Antenna ? "antenna" : "cable") << endl;
cout << "Input = "
<< (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
}
}
void Remote::show_mode(Tv &t)
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "Tv is " << (t.state == t.Off ? "Off" : "On") << endl;
if (t.state == t.On)
cout << "Remoter setting = " << remote_mode << endl;
}
//main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include"tv.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
Tv s42;
cout << "Initial settings for 42\"TV:\n";
s42.settings();
s42.onoff();
s42.chanup();
cout << "\nAdjusted settings for 42\"Tv:\n";
s42.settings();
Remote grey;
grey.set_chan(s42, 10);
grey.volup(s42);
grey.volup(s42);
grey.show_mode(s42);
cout << "\nn42\" settings after using remote:\n";
s42.settings();
s42.set_remote_mode(grey);
grey.show_mode(s42);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
习题二
习题要求:修改程序清单15.11,使得异常类满足题设要求
练习目标:了解并掌握异常类stdexcept使用,头文件请参考习题三。
//main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<stdexcept>
#include"exc_mean.h"
double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);
int main()
{
using std::endl;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
double x, y, z;
cout << "Enter two nums: ";
while (cin >> x >> y)
{
try {
z = hmean(x, y);
cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y
<< " is " << z << endl;
cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << gmean(x, y) << endl;
cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: ";
}
catch (bad_gmean &oe)
{
cout << "Caught the gmean exception!\n";
cout << oe.what() << endl;
cout << "Try again.<q to quit>\n";
continue;
}
catch (bad_hmean &oe)
{
cout << "Caught the hmean exception!\n";
cout << oe.what() << endl;
cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: ";
continue;
}
}
cout << "Bye.\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}
double hmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a == -b)
throw bad_hmean(a, b) ;
return 2.0*a*b / (a + b);
}
double gmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a < 0 || b < 0)
throw bad_gmean(a, b);
return std::sqrt(a*b);
}
习题三
习题要求:修改程序清单15.11,使得异常类满足题设要求。
练习目标:了解并掌握异常类stdexcept使用。
注意事项:仅需改动头文件,并在方法文件中调用方法即可。此外,请注意,logic_error是不存在默认构造函数的,请熟悉本例中它的初始化方法,或者可以在派生类函数的构造函数前添加关键字explicit以禁止隐式转换。
#ifndef EXC_MEAN_H_
#define EXC_MEAN_H_
#include<iostream>
class bad_hmean :public std::logic_error
{
private:
double v1;
double v2;
public:
bad_hmean(double a = 0, double b = 0) : logic_error(""),v1(a), v2(b){}
const char * what() { return "bad arguments to hmean(),sum is nod allowed being zero!"; }
void what_n() { std::cout << "the wrong nums is: " << v1 << " ," << v2 << "\n"; }
};
class bad_gmean:public std::logic_error
{
public:
double v1;
double v2;
bad_gmean(double a = 0, double b = 0) :logic_error(""),v1(a), v2(b){}
const char * what() { return "bad argumens to gmean(),they should be positive!"; };
void what_n() { std::cout << "the wrong nums is: " << v1 << " ," << v2 << "\n"; }
};
#endif // !EMP_H_
习题三
习题要求:修改程序清单15.16,使得捕获异常类满足题设要求,即仅需一个catch块实现捕获两种异常
练习目标:了解并掌握异常类stdexcept使用,并且学会使用 RTTI判断类的类型,以及基类和派生类之间的转换,本例中使用的是 typeid()==typeid() 用于判断异常类类型,之后利用 (expression) = static_cast<> (expression) 用于基类和派生类之间的类型转换,以达到利用不同派生类所定义的不同方法的目的。
//15-14.h
#ifndef EXC_MEAN_H_
#define EXC_MEAN_H_
#include<cstring>
#include<stdexcept>
class Sales
{
public:
enum {MONTHS = 12};
class bad_index : public std::logic_error
{
private:
int bi;
public:
explicit bad_index(int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in Sales object\n");
int bi_val() const { return bi; }
virtual ~bad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit Sales(int yy = 0);
Sales(int yy, const double *gr, int n);
virtual ~Sales() {}
int Year() const { return year;}
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double &operator[] (int i);
private:
double gross[MONTHS];
int year;
};
class LabeledSales : public Sales
{
public:
class nbad_index: public Sales::bad_index
{
private:
std::string lbl;
public:
nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n");
const std::string & label_val() const { return lbl; }
virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit LabeledSales(const std::string & lb = "none", int yy = 0);
LabeledSales(const std::string & lb,int yy, const double *gr, int n);
virtual ~LabeledSales() {}
const std::string & Label() const { return label; }
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double & operator[] (int i);
private:
std::string label;
};
#endif
//15-15.cpp
#include "exc_mean.h"
Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const std::string & s) : std::logic_error(s),bi(ix)
{
}
Sales::Sales(int yy)
{
year = yy;
for (int i = 0; i < MONTHS; ++i)
gross[i] = 0;
}
Sales::Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n)
{
year = yy;
int lim = (n < MONTHS) ? n : MONTHS;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < lim; ++i)
gross[i] = gr[i];
for (; i < MONTHS; ++i)
gross[i] = 0;
}
double Sales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw bad_index(i);
return gross[i];
}
double & Sales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw bad_index(i);
return gross[i];
}
LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix, const std::string & s):Sales::bad_index(ix,s)
{
lbl = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy) :Sales(yy)
{
label = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n) :Sales (yy,gr,n)
{
label = lb;
}
double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
return Sales::operator[](i);
}
double & LabeledSales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
return Sales::operator[](i);
}
//15-16.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include<stdexcept>
#include<string>
#include"exc_mean.h"
int main()
{
using std::endl;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::string;
double vals[12] =
{
1220,1100,1122,2212,1232,2334,
2884,2394,3302,2912,3002,3544
};
double vals2[12] =
{
12,11,22,21,32,34,
28,29,33,29,32,35
};
Sales sales1(2011, vals, 12);
LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12);
cout << "First try block:\n";
try
{
int i;
cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
}
catch (std::logic_error & bad)
{
if (typeid(LabeledSales::nbad_index) == typeid(bad))
{
LabeledSales::nbad_index *nbad = static_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *> (&bad);
cout << nbad->what();
cout << "Company: " << nbad->label_val() << endl;
cout << "bad_index: " << nbad->bi_val() << endl;
}
else
{
Sales::bad_index *nbad = static_cast<Sales::bad_index *> (&bad);
cout << nbad->what();
cout << "bad index: " << nbad->bi_val() << endl;
}
}
cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
try
{
sales2[2] = 37.5;
sales1[20] = 23345;
cout << "End of try block 2.\\n";
}
catch (std::logic_error & bad)
{
if (typeid(LabeledSales::nbad_index) == typeid(bad))
{
LabeledSales::nbad_index *nbad = static_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *> (&bad);
cout << nbad->what();
cout << "Company: " << nbad->label_val() << endl;
cout << "bad_index: " << nbad->bi_val() << endl;
}
else
{
Sales::bad_index *nbad = static_cast<Sales::bad_index *> (&bad);
cout << nbad->what();
cout << "bad index: " << nbad->bi_val() << endl;
}
}
cout << "done\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}