踩坑总结
因为之前从来没有接触过,所以网上找了很多教程最后发现都不怎么完整,大多数都是直接全盘照抄《Spring Boot》一书中的相关示例,没有做任何修改,没有说明为什么一定要用spring security,而下面的教程自己也是踩了不少坑,如前后分离中session一直获取不到,导致无法链接上,uid不可为中文,websocket自带协议和服务,导致前后端分离一直报跨域的错误等等。当然websocket一些解释在这边就不多说了,相信你已经看了很多教程了,我们就直接上配置教程
前端配置
前端配置相对比较简单,主要就是websocket服务的注册,消息的发送和接收。比较关键的点:uid的定义。
// 用户的特殊标志,一般用id或者生成的uuid,后台为Long,不可带有中文,并且这些值如果从session中获取,需要注意前后端分离带来的session,否则会报错,这些参数主要对应着后台的message类,用于信息的发送
let from = '';
let fromName = '';
let to = 5521;
let host = window.location.host;
let webSocket = "";
// 不同的浏览器对websocket的支持不同
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
// 最关键的点,ws必须加上,不可用http,因为两者的协议是不同的,websocket有自带的请求协议,uid是为了将用户的id注册到websocket的服务中
webSocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8090/ws?uid=" + from);
} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
webSocket = new MozWebSocket("ws://" + host + "/ws" + from);
} else {
webSocket = new SockJS("ws://" + host + "/ws/sockjs" + from);
}
// 链接,错误,关闭,收到消息相关的回掉函数
webSocket.onopen = function (event) {
console.log("WebSocket:已连接");
};
webSocket.onerror = function (event) {
console.log("WebSocket:发生错误 ");
console.log(event);
};
webSocket.onclose = function (event) {
console.log("WebSocket:已关闭");
console.log(event);
};
webSocket.onmessage = function (event) {
// 接收到的消息的对象
let data = JSON.parse(event.data);
};
// 发送消息的实例
function sendMsg() {
let data = {};
data["from"] = from;
data["fromName"] = fromName;
data["to"] = to;
data["text"] = "我发给你一条信息";
webSocket.send(JSON.stringify(data));
}
后端配置
先添加maven相关依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
-
注册websocket服务(前端链接的url地址)
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;
/**
* 描述:
* WebScoket配置处理器
*
* @author Msater Zg
* @create 2018-01-24 10:49
*/
@Component
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter implements WebSocketConfigurer {
/**
* 后台写好服务,项目启动的时候,注册好这两个服务,以供前台调用
*/
@Resource
MyWebSocketHandler handler;
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
// 链接的时候,websocket会自己增加同源检测的功能,需要单独配置是否允许跨域,我配置*代表允许所有的ip进行调用。
registry.addHandler(handler, "/ws").addInterceptors(new HandShake()).setAllowedOrigins("*");
registry.addHandler(handler, "/ws/sockjs").addInterceptors(new HandShake()).setAllowedOrigins("*").withSockJS();
}
}
-
握手之前的配置(需要将用户相关uid注册到WebSocketSession中,而这个uid你可以用token,session等等来代替,因为是前端分离,所以我直接用了用户的id)
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.HandshakeInterceptor;
/**
* 描述:
* Socket建立连接(握手)和断开
*
* @author Msater Zg
* @create 2018-01-24 10:49
*/
public class HandShake implements HandshakeInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler,
Map<String, Object> attributes) throws Exception {
/**
* websocket系统启动连接程序,启动的时候就会把他的session值传过来,放入到websocketsession(websocket的一个内置服务器)里面
*/
ServletServerHttpRequest servletRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest) request;
Long uid = Long.parseLong(servletRequest.getServletRequest().getParameter("uid"));
if (uid != 0) {
attributes.put("uid", uid);
} else {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void afterHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler,
Exception exception) {
}
}
-
消息推送的相关的后台的方法
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketMessage;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
/**
* 描述:
* Socket处理器(包括发送信息,接收信息,信息错误等方法。)
*
* @author Msater Zg
* @create 2018-01-24 10:49
*/
@Component
public class MyWebSocketHandler implements WebSocketHandler {
/**
* 最重要的websocket处理程序(包括发送信息,接收信息,信息错误等方法。)
*/
/**
* 先注册一个websocket服务器,将连接上的所有用户放进去
*/
public static final Map<Long, WebSocketSession> USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP;
static {
USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP = new HashMap<Long, WebSocketSession>();
}
/**
* 前台连接并且注册了账户
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
Long uid = (Long) session.getAttributes().get("uid");
if (USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.get(uid) == null) {
USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.put(uid, session);
}
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(WebSocketSession session, WebSocketMessage<?> message) throws Exception {
if (message.getPayloadLength() == 0) {
return;
}
NotificationMessage msg = new Gson().fromJson(message.getPayload().toString(), NotificationMessage.class);
msg.setDate(new Date());
sendMessageToUser(msg.getTo(), new TextMessage(new GsonBuilder().setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").create().toJson(msg)));
}
/**
* 消息传输错误处理,如果出现错误直接断开连接
*/
@Override
public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) throws Exception {
if (session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
removeWebSocketUser(session);
}
/**
* 关闭连接后
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus closeStatus) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Websocket:" + session.getId() + "已经关闭");
removeWebSocketUser(session);
}
@Override
public boolean supportsPartialMessages() {
return false;
}
/**
* 给所有在线用户发送消息
*
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public void broadcast(final TextMessage message) throws IOException {
Iterator<Entry<Long, WebSocketSession>> it = USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.entrySet().iterator();
// 多线程群发(给所有在线的用户发送消息) 先判断是否里面有用户()然后循环发消息
/*后台调用sendMessage方法的时候,前台会触发onmessage*/
while (it.hasNext()) {
final Entry<Long, WebSocketSession> entry = it.next();
if (entry.getValue().isOpen()) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
if (entry.getValue().isOpen()) {
entry.getValue().sendMessage(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
}
/**
* 单个用户发消息
*
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public void sendMessageToUser(Long uid, TextMessage message) throws IOException {
//根据传过来的账号,在websocketseesion的服务器里面找,接收者注册的账号
WebSocketSession session = USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.get(uid);
if (session != null && session.isOpen()) {
session.sendMessage(message);
}
}
public void removeWebSocketUser(WebSocketSession session) {
Iterator<Entry<Long, WebSocketSession>> it = USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.entrySet().iterator();
// 移除Socket会话
while (it.hasNext()) {
Entry<Long, WebSocketSession> entry = it.next();
if (entry.getValue().getId().equals(session.getId())) {
USER_SOCKET_SESSION_MAP.remove(entry.getKey());
break;
}
}
}
}
-
消息类(可根据不同的需求进行修改)
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 描述:
* 消息类
*
* @author Msater Zg
* @create 2018-02-24 10:49
*/
public class NotificationMessage {
/**
* 发送者账号
*/
public Long from;
/**
* 发送者名称
*/
public String fromName;
/**
* 接收者账号
*/
public Long to;
/**
* 发送的内容
*/
public String text;
/**
* 发送的日期
*/
public Date date;
public Long getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(Long from) {
this.from = from;
}
public Long getTo() {
return to;
}
public void setTo(Long to) {
this.to = to;
}
public String getText() {
return text;
}
public void setText(String text) {
this.text = text;
}
public String getFromName() {
return fromName;
}
public void setFromName(String fromName) {
this.fromName = fromName;
}
public Date getDate() {
return date;
}
public void setDate(Date date) {
this.date = date;
}
}
后续
大致原理就是后台启动websocket服务,前端用户注册并在websocket自带session服务中放这儿值,而后续的消息发送,就是给websocketsession中的用户发送消息,然后前端进行响应,以上都是自己一些看法,有什么问题还希望指出