常考的不及物动词：live in/look at/reffer to/stick to
We work hard,allowing(表顺其自然之结果) us to achieve our dream.
only(表示意料之外，大失所望的结局) to do sth.
如：only to find...
only to be told that...
prep.+there being+n.
v.+there to be+n.
如：for there to be，“因为有”
__...，...there being
1.动词的种类
实意动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词
实意动词
及物动词前有执行者，后有承受者（宾语）
不及物动词前有执行者，后有承受者
vi.+介词+承受者（宾语）
系动词
be:am/is/are/was/were/being/been/to be
半系动词：长着实意动词的外观（+adj.）
(感官动词)look/sound/smile/taste/touch/feel+adj
考点
主动表被动，考察非谓语形式中的-ing
become/get/turn/grow/come/go/keep/stay/seem/appear/remain+adj.
turn+颜色/数字/n.
情态动词+do(谓语)
2.动词的性质
延续性动词：be（与时间段连用）
非延续性动词：（与时间点连用）
3.动词的语态
主动：执行者+vt.+承受者、执行者+vi.+介词+承受者
被动：承受者+be+done(by+执行者)、承受者+be done+介词(+by+执行者)
判断主被动
1.如果动词前的名词是该动作的执行者或该动词后的名词是该动作的承受者，说明该动词是主动。
2.如果动词前的名词是该动作的承受者或该动词后没有承受者，说明该动词是被动。
4.动词的功能
谓语：
时态，（情态动词+动词原形）
非谓语：
1.to do sth.---to be done
比主句谓语动作发生的要晚，或者发生在主句谓语的未来。
2.to have done sth.---to have been done
发生在主句谓语的过去。
3.to be doing sth.
表示与谓语伴随发生。
4.to have been doing sth.
发生在谓语的过去且延续到谓语发生时。
考点
1.sb./sth. be said/reported/supposed不定式
2.sb./sth. be known/thought/believed/guessed/found/felt 不定式
3.sb./sth. be considered/suggested/imagined 不定式
......considered doing sth./being done
4.sb./sth./there seems/appears/turns out/proves/remains/stays 不定式
It seems/appears that...
doing sth.
主动，表示与谓语动作伴随发生或者与谓语动作时间间隔短暂
being done（被动）
1.强调该动作在谓语发生时正在被进行，多与now/today/at present连用。
在简单句中做后置定语或宾语补足语，偶尔做状语。
2.该结构也相当于名词做主语或宾语，多考察空在句首，后无逗号，该空是一个被动的动作做主语。
having done sth.主动和having been done被动
二者不可做后置定语和补足语，多放于句首后有逗号做状语成分，强调发生且结束在谓语动作的过去，与谓语动作时间间隔较长或多与for some time(一段时间)/many times(很多次)/twice(两次)
done
被动，表示发生在谓语动词之前或仅表状态。
位于句首后有逗号作状语时，逗号后的主语是该动词的承受者。
空在句首后有逗号：
1.若为被动且已发生：done/having been done
2.若为主动时：
(1)表示有待于发生或还没有发生：to do sth.
(2)且与谓语伴随发生或时间间隔短暂：doing sth.
(3)比谓语要早或发生在谓语的过去，时间间隔长 having done sth.
but
"除了..."，前有do后无to(动词原形)，前无do后有to(不定式)
“不得不”
can't held but to do sth.
can't choose but do sth.
can't but do sth.
固定搭配
advice/allow/fordid/permit/recommed+doing sth.
advice/allow/fordid/permit/recommed+sb.+to do sth.
sb. he advised/allowed/forbided/permited/recommened+to do sth.
need/want/demand/require/deserve/receive+to be done=doing(vt.)
look/sound(ing)/smile/taste(s)/touch/feel+adj.
sell/wash/wear/read/write/open/close/start/clock+adv.(well/smootly/comfortably)有谓语ing，无谓语s
measure/weight+数字
sth./sb. be worth+n./数字/doing(sth.)/doing(vi.)+prep.
It is worth doing sth.
关系词+to do(vt.)
what to do(缺宾语)
which to choose (缺宾语) from sth.
how to do sth.(不缺宾语)
where to go(不缺宾语)
prep.+which+to do sth.
on which to base the story
for which to blame the driver
how to learn English=n.
