root@VM-4-3-ubuntu:~# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-07-26 18:23:30 CST; 4min 23s ago
TriggeredBy: ● docker.socket
       Docs: https://docs.docker.com
   Main PID: 2150092 (dockerd)
      Tasks: 41
     Memory: 27.7M
        CPU: 507ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
             ├─2150092 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0:16875 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
             ├─2151429 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8000 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 8000
             ├─2151435 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8000 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 8000
             ├─2151441 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 9443 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 9443
             └─2151451 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 9443 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 9443

root@VM-4-3-ubuntu:~# vim /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
# 修改此文件，只需要修改ExecStart的参数：添加 -H tcp://0.0.0.0:自己定义一个端口号，如下：
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0:16875 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

重启docker之后，通过curl验证

root@VM-4-3-ubuntu:~# curl localhost:16875/images/json
[{"Containers":-1,"Created":1713743470,"Id":"sha256:a3f85c245ec38eacdd9b749659c351a1d2601a08fa784c9c4b7200b83c64eb0c","Labels":{"com.docker.desktop.extension.api.version":">= 0.2.2","com.docker.desktop.extension.icon":"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/logos/portainer.png","com.docker.extension.additional-urls":"[{\"title\":\"Website\",\"url\":\"https://www.portainer.io?utm_campaign=DockerCon&utm_source=DockerDesktop\"},{\"title\":\"Documentation\",\"url\":\"https://docs.portainer.io\"},{\"title\":\"Support\",\"url\":\"https://join.slack.com/t/portainer/shared_invite/zt-txh3ljab-52QHTyjCqbe5RibC2lcjKA\"}]","com.docker.extension.detailed-description":"<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"226\">Portainer&rsquo;s Docker Desktop extension gives you access to all of Portainer&rsquo;s rich management functionality within your docker desktop experience.</p><h2 data-renderer-start-pos=\"374\">With Portainer you can:</h2><ul><li>See all your running containers</li><li>Easily view all of your container logs</li><li>Console into containers</li><li>Easily deploy your code into containers using a simple form</li><li>Turn your YAML into custom templates for easy reuse</li></ul><h2 data-renderer-start-pos=\"660\">About Portainer&nbsp;</h2><p data-renderer-start-pos=\"680\">Portainer is the worlds&rsquo; most popular universal container management platform with more than 650,000 active monthly users. Portainer can be used to manage Docker Standalone, Kubernetes, Docker Swarm and Nomad environments through a single common interface. It includes a simple GitOps automation engine and a Kube API.&nbsp;</p><p data-renderer-start-pos=\"1006\">Portainer Business Edition is our fully supported commercial grade product for business-wide use. It includes all the functionality that businesses need to manage containers at scale. Visit <a class=\"sc-jKJlTe dPfAtb\" href=\"http://portainer.io/\" title=\"http://Portainer.io\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\">Portainer.io</a> to learn more about Portainer Business and <a class=\"sc-jKJlTe dPfAtb\" href=\"http://portainer.io/take-3?utm_campaign=DockerCon&amp;utm_source=Docker%20Desktop\" title=\"http://portainer.io/take-3?utm_campaign=DockerCon&amp;utm_source=Docker%20Desktop\" data-renderer-mark=\"true\">get 3 free nodes.</a></p>","com.docker.extension.publisher-url":"https://www.portainer.io","com.docker.extension.screenshots":"[{\"alt\": \"screenshot one\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-1.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot two\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-2.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot three\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-3.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot four\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-4.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot five\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-5.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot six\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-6.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot seven\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-7.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot eight\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-8.png\"},{\"alt\": \"screenshot nine\", \"url\": \"https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-9.png\"}]","io.portainer.server":"true","org.opencontainers.image.description":"Docker container management made simple, with the world’s most popular GUI-based container management platform.","org.opencontainers.image.title":"Portainer","org.opencontainers.image.vendor":"Portainer.io"},"ParentId":"","RepoDigests":["portainer/portainer-ce@sha256:4a1ceadd7f7898d9190ee0a6d22234c4323aefd80e796e84f5e57127f74370f1"],"RepoTags":["portainer/portainer-ce:latest"],"SharedSize":-1,"Size":292768236},{"Containers":-1,"Created":1683046167,"Id":"sha256:d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a","Labels":null,"ParentId":"","RepoDigests":["hello-world@sha256:1408fec50309afee38f3535383f5b09419e6dc0925bc69891e79d84cc4cdcec6"],"RepoTags":["hello-world:latest"],"SharedSize":-1,"Size":13256}]

具体接口路径，需要根据docker版本查看官网的介绍了