By 2015 a surge in migration from Ghana made the country the eleventh most common nationality among migrants who arrived in Europe by boat, according to the IOM.
按照国际移民组织的说法，到2015年，由于加纳移民的迅猛增长，加纳已经成为第十一个最多坐船移民至欧洲的国家。
Arrivals in Italy alone the same year totaled 4,431. As of July of this year, 2,700 such arrivals have been recorded.
在2015年，仅仅到达意大利的移民总数就达到4,431人。截止今年七月，有记录表明移民达到了2700。
Ghana, once touted as an African success story, has now turned to the IMF for support.
加纳，曾经一度被树为一个非洲的成功故事。
Today the country’s ballooning debt, coupled with high interest payments, remains a source of concern.
今天，国家急剧增长的债务和高额的支付利息一直成为大家的忧虑。
Ghana’s vast resources have not translated into better lives for a majority of the people. Kofi Obeng has been among that majority.
对大多数民众来说，加纳丰富的资源并没有 带来更好的生活。柯菲 欧本也像大多数民众一样。
He comes from the Eastern Region—an area endowed with diamonds, gold and other mineral resources that Ghana exports.
他来自于加纳东部地区，那里盛产用于出口的砖石、黄金和其他矿产资源。
As a young man, Obeng says, he did all kinds of jobs, even going through mine dumps on illegal mining sites hoping to find missed ore.
欧本说，当他年轻时，他做过各种工作，甚至曾经在一些非法矿点倒掉的矿渣里搜寻过想找到一些遗漏掉的矿品。
But by age 12, he dropped out of school when his grandmother could no longer afford his school fees.
但是到他十二岁那年，当他祖母无力再制度他的学费时，他辍学了。
Soon he and his friends were heading for Bolgatanga in northern Ghana, where they joined 45 others aiming to reach Europe.
不久，他和他的朋友们就奔向加纳北部的波加坦加， 在那里，他们加入了一个由另外45人的想移民欧洲的团队。
He made it only to Libya. But during his three years’ stay in that country, Obeng says he managed to send an average of $500 to his family every other month. He returned home during the Libyan crisis.
他仅仅到达了利比亚。但是在利比亚呆的那三年，欧本说，他尽量每隔一个月就给他的家庭寄去平均500美元的费用。当利比亚危机来临之际，他回到了加纳的家。
Today, at 33 years old, Obeng is a shop assistant in a mall in the Ghanaian capital, Accra, earning 400 cedis ($100) a month. With younger brothers and sisters to support, he says, he does not make enough to go around.
今天，33岁的欧本在加纳首都阿卡拉的一个大型商场做店员，每月能挣到400赛蒂斯(100美元)。由于要抚养年幼的弟弟妹妹，他说，他没有足够的钱出去。
He is looking for another opportunity to leave Ghana. For people like him, he says, the only hope of making it in life is to go outside the country.
他正在寻找另外的机会离开加纳。他说，在加纳，像他这样的人，唯一的希望就是去到外面的国家谋生。
Linking education to job market
教育与人力市场的联系
In a joint interview with Africa Renewal, Kazumi Nakamura and Kojo Wilmot of the IOM office in Ghana blamed the surge in youth migration on an inadequate educational system, among other factors.
在一个与非洲振兴计划署会晤时，加纳国际移民组织办公室的卡祖米和柯爵.威尔莫特指出，在诸多因素当中，导致年轻移民数量增长的主要是教育的系统的匮乏。
“There is a mismatch between the educational system and the job market, leaving a huge skills gap,” notes Nakamura, who manages the Ghana Integrated Migration Management Approach (GIMMA) project, a three-year initiative intended to contribute to the government’s efforts to develop a holistic approach to effective management of migration.
“教育系统与劳动力市场的不匹配导致了它们间出现了一个巨大的沟壑”那卡姆拉说，他管理着加纳国内移民管理实施项目，这个为期三年的研究是为了通过政府的努力发展一个高效方法去有效管理移民。
Wilmot says that while conflicts and changes in the weather pattern in northern Ghana are influencing internal migration, unemployment among the youth is largely responsible for external migration. “Many are coming out of school with no jobs,” he says.
威尔莫特说，北部加纳冲突和气候变化正在影响国内民众的迁徙，而年轻人失业是加纳人移民外国最主要的因素。“许多人一走出学校就失业”他说。
According to the United Nations, youth unemployment is a major driver of voluntary migration, as well as a threat to peace and security in the region.
按照联合国的调查，年轻人失业是一个加纳人志愿移民国外的主要驱动力，同时对这一地区的和平与安全也构成威胁。Without decent jobs and meaningful employment, African youths remain highly vulnerable to exploitation.
由于没有体面的工作和有意义的事业，非洲年轻人都极度想要去外面打拼。
Need for policies
政策的需求
In April of this year, Ghana launched its first National Migration Policy, which provides a comprehensive framework for managing all aspects of the country’s internal, intra-regional and international migration flows.
在今年四月，加纳发起了她的第一个国家移民政策，这个政策提供了一个具有同情理解之心的框架组织，它管理国家内部间、地区间以及国家间的移民人口流动。
The director of migration, Kwao-Anati, says new policies will enable the government to engage communities more effectively and to gather data to deal with the country’s growing migration challenges.
移民局主任考-阿纳蒂说，新政能使政府更高效地管理社团和收集数据以应对国家移民不断增长的挑战。
The IOM’s Nakamura says, “There is a lot more to be done,” and stresses the need for governments to do more to link development programmes to employment and job creation.
国际移民组织的纳卡姆拉说，“这里还有很多事情要做”，政府还有压力，需要做更多的关于发展、就业和创造更多工作岗位的事情。
