きゅう、通过电子邮件共享帖子

用户可通过发送邮件共享帖子。

1. 利用Django创建表单

Django包含两个基类可创建表单：

1. Form 可创建标准的表单
2. ModelForm 可构建与模型实例相关联的表单

在blog应用程序中创建forms.py文件，如下所示：

from django import forms

class EmailPostForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=25)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    to = forms.EmailField()
    comments = forms.CharField(required=False,
                               widget=forms.Textarea)

2. 处理视图中的表单

编辑blog应用程序的views.py文件，添加如下代码：

from .forms import EmailPostForm

def post_share(request,post_id):
    # Retrieve post by id
    post = get_object_or_404(Post,id=post_id,status='published')
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Form was submitted
        form = EmailPostForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # Form fields passed validation
            cd = form.cleaned_data
            # ... send email
    else:
        form = EmailPostForm()
    return render(request,'blog/post/share.html',{'post':post,
                                                  'form':form})

3. 利用Django发送邮件

• 首先，设置本地SMTP服务器

在settings.py中添加下列设置

# Email
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'                 
EMAIL_PORT = 587                           
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'me@zhangzhixiong.com'   
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '16位字母的授权码'  
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True                     
EMAIL_USE_SSL = False

运行python manage.py shell命令，打开Python Shell并发送邮件，如下所示：

>>> from django.core.mail import send_mail
>>> send_mail('Django mail','This e-mail was sent with Django.','me@zhangzhixiong.com',['covfefe@qq.com'],fail_silently=False)
1

• 编辑blog应用程序views.py文件中的post_share视图，如下所示：

from django.core.mail import send_mail

def post_share(request,post_id):
    # Retrieve post by id
    post = get_object_or_404(Post,id=post_id,status='published')
    sent = False
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Form was submitted
        form = EmailPostForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # Form fields passed validation
            cd = form.cleaned_data
            post_url = request.build_absolute_uri(
                                        post.get_absolute_url())
            subject = '{} ({}) recommends you reading "{}"'.format(
                    cd['name'],cd['email'],post.title)
            message = 'Read "{}" at {}\n\n{}\'s comments:{}'.format(post.title,post_url,cd['name'],cd['comments'])
            send_mail(subject,message,'me@zhangzhixiong.com',[cd['to']])
            sent = True
    else:
        form = EmailPostForm()
    return render(request,'blog/post/share.html',{'post':post,
                                                  'form':form,
                                                  'sent':sent})

4. 添加新的URL

打开blog应用程序的urls.py文件，加入post_share URL路径，如下所示：

urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    path('<int:post_id>/share/',views.post_share,name='post_share'),
]

5. 针对视图设置模板

• 在blog/templates/blog/post/目录中创建新文件，命名为share.html，并添加下列代码：

{% extends "blog/base.html" %}

{% block title %}Share a post{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  {% if sent %}
   <h1>E-mail sent successfully.</h1>
   <p>"{{ post.title }}" was successfully sent to {{ form.cleaned_data.to }}</p>
  {% else %}
    <h1>Share "{{ post.title }}" by e-mail</h1>
    <form action="." method="post">
      {{ form.as_p }}
      {% csrf_token %}
      <input type="submit" value="Send e-mail">
    </form>
  {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

• 编辑blog/post/detail.html

<p><a href="{% url "blog:post_share" post.id %}">Share this post</a></p>