Docker之安装
Docker之常用命令
Docker之练习
Docker之镜像讲解
Docker之容器数据卷
帮助命令
docker version # 显示版本信息
docker info # 系统信息
docker 命令 --help #万能命令
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 10 hours ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的Id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a 全部镜像
-q 只显示Id
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10578 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3957 [OK]
# 可选项 docker serach --help
--filter=STARS=5000 # 结果是STARS大于5000
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10578 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名称 可以指定Tag 版本号
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag 默认latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete # 分层下载 docker images核心 联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c # 签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
image-20210306173329396
docker rmi 删除命令
docker rmi -f 镜像Id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux 下载一个 centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行 进入容器查看内容
-P 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
# 测试 启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@17ad4c340398 /]# ls 查看容器内的centos 基础版本 很多命令不完善
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@17ad4c340398 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-11-centos /]# ls
bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 +带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@VM-0-11-centos /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-11-centos /]# docker ps -a
17ad4c340398 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago
e684eccc0807 d1165f221234 "/hello" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago
退出容器
exit # 退出容器
Ctrl + P + Q # 退出不停止
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动
docker restart 容器id # 重启
docker stop 容器id # 停止
docker kill 容器id # 杀进程
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 通过 docker run -d 镜像名 后台启动
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
d269c3553f1b40ff62ea5a23635ff330cb28f857c2d8c10073c95545b56dffcc
# 通过docker ps 发现停止了
# 常见坑 容器使用后台运行 就必须要有一个前台进程 docker发现没有应用 就会自动停止
# nginx 容器启动后 发现自己没有服务 就会立即停止 就是没有程序了
常看日志命令
# docker logs 日志命令
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器 没有日志
# 编写脚本
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo ljchengx;sleep 2;done"
# 查看
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
c6d3be37906b centos
# 查看日志 指定行数
-tf
-- tail count 显示的行数
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 c6d3be37906b
# 显示全部
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker logs -tf c6d3be37906b
查看进程信息
# top 命令
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker top c6d3be37906b
UID PID PPID C STIME
root 17058 17035 0 10:07
root 31240 17058 0 10:17
查看元数据
# docker inspect 容器Id
# 测试
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker inspect c6d3be37906b
[
{
"Id": "c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe",
"Created": "2021-03-09T02:07:54.08862076Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo ljchengx;sleep 2;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 17058,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-03-09T02:07:54.429353159Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe/c6d3be37906be8467a4cbb8f4d25f48176b406f9e9161ab85a738e3e9a7674fe-json.log",
"Name": "/gallant_jemison",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5315d260b6f52455014e1a6bc5275a9f81ca40586b33bdf30bb25f6a38835aa-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/93fbbcebc66cf30fe7524759b101b0ec71ee5de3c3e12c884988e10ea8b94a0a/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5315d260b6f52455014e1a6bc5275a9f81ca40586b33bdf30bb25f6a38835aa/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5315d260b6f52455014e1a6bc5275a9f81ca40586b33bdf30bb25f6a38835aa/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5315d260b6f52455014e1a6bc5275a9f81ca40586b33bdf30bb25f6a38835aa/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "c6d3be37906b",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo ljchengx;sleep 2;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "79bdc9c626a1158ae89f85850a2e1f1388c9263d3a1da8567d04e470dce27a9f",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/79bdc9c626a1",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "13c3c223789749fc5b64c10fc35992d1e0df64dfa9cb73691eea8f6d51317522",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "9a1d22b0ff0846b37b84fd7179511a6a6065f1c6becd2833f9a21b74f28d6bf2",
"EndpointID": "13c3c223789749fc5b64c10fc35992d1e0df64dfa9cb73691eea8f6d51317522",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前容器的命令
# 命令 进入
docker exec -it 容器Id baseshell
# 测试
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c6d3be37906b centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours gallant_jemison
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker exec -it c6d3be37906b /bin/bash
[root@c6d3be37906b /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@c6d3be37906b /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:07 ? 00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ljchengx;sleep 2;done
root 6656 0 0 05:49 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 6682 1 0 05:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
root 6683 6656 0 05:50 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器Id
# 进入正在执行的
[root@VM-0-11-centos ~]# docker attach c6d3be37906b
# 区别
exec 新终端
attach 打开正在运行的终端
容器内拷贝文件到主机
# docker cp 容器Id:路径/文件名 /主机路径
[root@VM-0-11-centos home]# docker attach ecf8bbccec70
[root@ecf8bbccec70 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@ecf8bbccec70 /]# cd /home
[root@ecf8bbccec70 home]# touch test.java
[root@ecf8bbccec70 home]# ls
test.java
[root@ecf8bbccec70 home]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-11-centos home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ecf8bbccec70 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 30 seconds ago practical_panini
[root@VM-0-11-centos home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-11-centos home]# docker cp ecf8bbccec70:/home/test.java /home
[root@VM-0-11-centos home]# ls
ljchengx.java test.java
# 拷贝属于手动过程
总结
image-20210309141555377
docker version 查看docker的版本号，包括客户端、服务端、依赖的Go等
docker info 查看系统(docker)层面信息，包括管理的images, containers数等
docker search <image> 在docker index中搜索image
docker pull <image> 从docker registry server 中下拉image
docker push <image|repository> 推送一个image或repository到registry
docker push <image|repository>:TAG 同上，指定tag
docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底层信息
docker images TODO filter out the intermediate image layers (intermediate image layers 是什么)
docker images -a 列出所有的images
docker ps 默认显示正在运行中的container
docker ps -l 显示最后一次创建的container，包括未运行的
docker ps -a 显示所有的container，包括未运行的
docker logs <container> 查看container的日志，也就是执行命令的一些输出
docker rm <container...> 删除一个或多个container
docker rm `docker ps -a -q` 删除所有的container
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm 同上, 删除所有的container
docker rmi <image...> 删除一个或多个image
docker start/stop/restart <container> 开启/停止/重启container
docker start -i <container> 启动一个container并进入交互模式
docker attach <container> attach一个运行中的container
docker run <image> <command> 使用image创建container并执行相应命令，然后停止
docker run -i -t <image> /bin/bash 使用image创建container并进入交互模式, login shell是/bin/bash
docker run -i -t -p <host_port:contain_port> 将container的端口映射到宿主机的端口
docker commit <container> [repo:tag] 将一个container固化为一个新的image，后面的repo:tag可选
docker build <path> 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image
docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上，可以指定repo和可选的tag
docker build - < <dockerfile> 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式获取内容，使用此配置生成新的image
docker port <container> <container port> 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口，或者用docker ps 也可以看到。
