一、背景
为了减少后台应用的系统资源消耗，提升用户体验，Android 7.0（API 级别 24）对广播施加了限制，Android 8.0（API 级别 26）让这些限制更为严格。
限制点：Android 8.0 +版本的应用无法静态注册广播接收者接收到隐式广播。
基于android-13.0.0_r43 源码测试：
| 广播接收者 | 广播发送方 | 结果 |
|---|---|---|
| 静态注册 | 隐式广播 | ❌ |
| 静态注册 | 显式广播 | ✅ |
| 静态注册 | 隐式广播 + addFlags(0x01000000)FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND | ✅ |
| 静态注册 |
豁免的系统隐式广播 测试：BOOT_COMPLETED 注：接收方需要添加权限：<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" /> |
✅ |
| 动态注册 | 隐式/显式广播 | ✅ |
另外：需要签名权限的广播不受此限制所限，因为这些广播只会发送到使用相同证书签名的应用，而不是发送到设备上的所有应用。
二、限制点源码分析
2.1 调试发送广播方法梳理出核心调用栈：
at com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue.performReceiveLocked(Native Method)
at com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue.processNextBroadcastLocked(BroadcastQueue.java:1359)
at com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue.processNextBroadcast(BroadcastQueue.java:1155)
at com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue$BroadcastHandler.handleMessage(BroadcastQueue.java:224)
at com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue.scheduleBroadcastsLocked(Native Method)
at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntentLocked(ActivityManagerService.java:14208)
at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.broadcastIntentWithFeature(ActivityManagerService.java:14461)
at android.app.ContextImpl.sendBroadcastAsUser(ContextImpl.java:1416)
2.2 核心限制点逻辑分析
Background execution not allowed: receiving Intent { act=android.intent.action.EVAN flg=0x10 } to com.stan.simpledemo/.TestReceiver
基于系统限制日志, 定位代码：
com.android.server.am.BroadcastQueue#processNextBroadcastLocked(boolean fromMsg, boolean skipOomAdj)
...
// 静态注册的广播接收者限制点
if (!skip) {
// ① AMS. getAppStartModeLOSP 返回的mode值
final int allowed = mService.getAppStartModeLOSP( 成mode
info.activityInfo.applicationInfo.uid, info.activityInfo.packageName,
info.activityInfo.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion, -1, true, false, false);
if (allowed != ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_NORMAL) {
// We won't allow this receiver to be launched if the app has been
// completely disabled from launches, or it was not explicitly sent
// to it and the app is in a state that should not receive it
// (depending on how getAppStartModeLOSP has determined that).
if (allowed == ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DISABLED) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Background execution disabled: receiving "
+ r.intent + " to "
+ component.flattenToShortString());
skip = true;
// ② intent参数判断
} else if (((r.intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_EXCLUDE_BACKGROUND) != 0)
|| (r.intent.getComponent() == null
&& r.intent.getPackage() == null
&& ((r.intent.getFlags()
& Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND) == 0)
&& !isSignaturePerm(r.requiredPermissions))) {
mService.addBackgroundCheckViolationLocked(r.intent.getAction(),
component.getPackageName());
Slog.w(TAG, "Background execution not allowed: receiving "
+ r.intent + " to "
+ component.flattenToShortString());
skip = true;
}
}
}
...
这里主要有两个部分：
- ① AMS. getAppStartModeLOSP 生成mode
- ② intent参数判断
结合前面的测试，来看下是如何限制的：
① getAppStartModeLOSP 核心逻辑：
final int startMode = (alwaysRestrict) //当前路径下alwaysRestrict = true
? appRestrictedInBackgroundLOSP(uid, packageName, packageTargetSdk)
: appServicesRestrictedInBackgroundLOSP(uid, packageName,
packageTargetSdk);
而appRestrictedInBackgroundLOSP开头就是版本限制：
int appRestrictedInBackgroundLOSP(int uid, String packageName, int packageTargetSdk) {
// Apps that target O+ are always subject to background check
if (packageTargetSdk >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (DEBUG_BACKGROUND_CHECK) {
Slog.i(TAG, "App " + uid + "/" + packageName + " targets O+, restricted");
}
return ActivityManager.APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID;
}
...
从调试看，基本都是返回 2 即：APP_START_MODE_DELAYED_RIGID
② intent参数判断
((r.intent.getFlags()&Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_EXCLUDE_BACKGROUND) != 0)
|| (r.intent.getComponent() == null
&& r.intent.getPackage() == null
&& ((r.intent.getFlags()& Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND) == 0)
&& !isSignaturePerm(r.requiredPermissions))
二者满足其一，广播接收就会被限制。
不限制条件总结：
首先，intent不包含FLAG_RECEIVER_EXCLUDE_BACKGROUND，在此基础上：
- 1）发送显示广播，即指定Component，r.intent.getComponent() == null 不满足而绕过；
- 2）intent包含flag: Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND 即&上该flags不等于0绕过；
- 3）满足组件签名权限条件的，可以绕过；
至此，我们已经知道了，为什么发送显示广播、添加FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND flag 、满足组件签名权限条件可以绕过后台广播限制。
那么最后，豁免的系统隐式广播是怎么绕过的呢? 还是BOOT_COMPLETED举例分析：
com.android.server.am.UserController#sendLockedBootCompletedBroadcast
private void sendLockedBootCompletedBroadcast(IIntentReceiver receiver, @UserIdInt int userId) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED, null);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, userId);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_NO_ABORT
| Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_OFFLOAD
| Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND); // 添加了FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND
mInjector.broadcastIntent(intent, null, receiver, 0, null, null,
new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED},
AppOpsManager.OP_NONE,
getTemporaryAppAllowlistBroadcastOptions(REASON_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED)
.toBundle(), true,
false, MY_PID, SYSTEM_UID,
Binder.getCallingUid(), Binder.getCallingPid(), userId);
}
这里明显看到构建Intent的时候，添加了FLAG_RECEIVER_INCLUDE_BACKGROUND。
2.3 厂商魔改分析
经过测试，普通三方应用静态注册的情况下，基于原生系统显式广播/flag/豁免系统广播方式均可拉活应用，但是厂商（小米、华为、荣耀、vivo、oppo）均无法拉活， 主要是针对三方应用非存活状态下广播接收做了限制。
以oppo（colorOs14 android 14）为例：
系统日志：
2024-10-24 17:08:54.652 1816-1877 OplusAppStartupManager system_server W prevent start com.stan.simpledemo, cmp ComponentInfo{com.stan.simpledemo/com.stan.simpledemo.TestReceiver} by broadcast com.stan.evan callingUid 10176, scenePriority = 0
定位到触发的方法：com.android.server.am.OplusAppStartupManager#shouldPreventSendReceiverReal
限制关键方法：com.android.server.am.OplusAppStartupManager#isAllowForSPS
private SPSCase isAllowForSPS(Intent intent, int callingUid, String pkgName, String cpnName, int uid, String cpnType, ApplicationInfo appInfo) {
if (this.mOplusStartupStrategy.isInLruProcessesLocked(uid) && uid > 10000) {
return SPSCase.TRUE;
...
}
uid大于10000的应用需要进程存活情况下才不会被限制拉活。
其他厂商不做一一分析，这里仅贴下关键系统日志：
xiaomi:
10-24 16:35:34.018 2267 2311 W WakePathChecker: MIUILOG-AutoStart, Service/Provider/Broadcast Reject userId= 0 caller= com.stan.evan callee= com.stan.simpledemo classname=com.stan.simpledemo.TestReceiver action=android.intent.action.EVAN wakeType=2
10-24 16:35:34.018 2267 2311 W BroadcastQueueInjector: Unable to launch app com.stan.simpledemo/10181 for broadcast Intent { act=android.intent.action.EVAN flg=0x10 cmp=com.stan.simpledemo/.TestReceiver }: process is not permitted to wake path
vivo:
10-24 17:16:29.321 1486 1680 D _V_VivoBroadcastQueueModernImpl: intent:Intent { act=android.intent.action.EVAN flg=0x10 cmp=com.stan.simpledemo/.TestReceiver },toBeFiltered:true,userid:10325,packageName:com.stan.simpledemo
huawei/honor:
10-24 16:48:39.746 1692 3400 I ActivityManager: App 10040/com.stan.simpledemo targets O+, restricted
