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Under the condition of ...
According to Darken’s interpretation of the Kirkendall effect, lattice drift is caused by the divergence of the vacancy flux in the diffusion zone.
The scarcity of the vacancy sources/sinks, especially during the initial stages of interdiffusion ...
To describe the temporal evolution of interdiffusion-generated stresses ...
In contrast with the bulk Kinkendall effect, very little is known about the Kirkendall effect during grain boundary interdiffusion.
Diffusion in GB occurs with the aid of point defects, which makes the GB Kirkendall effect possible.
Experimental evidence of this effect is, however, scarce and mostly indirect.
