今天的俚语真的是形象到不行,画面感扑面而来~
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
现在是美国之音慢速英语词汇典故节目。
Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself.
关于水的表达几乎和水本身一样常见。
almost adv. 几乎, 差不多, 差一点; 将近
我们熟知的电影《甜蜜蜜》就直接翻译为almost a love story,近乎爱情的感情,听起来就很浪漫。
当我们要表示“差一点儿”的意思时,有几个词可供我们选择:
almost:指在程度上相差很小,差不多。
nearly:与almost 的含义基本相同,侧重指数量、时间或空间上的接近;
about:常可与almost和nearly换用,但about用于表示时间、数量的“大约”时,实际数量可能多也可能少。
approximately:多用于书面语,指精确度接近某个标准以致误差可忽略不计。
around:多用于非正式场合,常见于美国英语。
roughly:指按粗略估计,常代替about.
as...as
一、基本用法
as ... as
用于比较句型,中间插入的是形容词或副词的原级。意思是"达到与什么相同的程度"。如:
He is as strong as a horse. 他力大如牛。
二、习惯用法
1. as soon as
意思是"一......就......",引导一个时间状语从句。如:
I'll call you as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成我的作业,就给你打电话。
2. as long as
意思是"长达......之久;只要......"。如:
She has searched the information about dinosaurs on the Internet as long as three hours. 她在因特网上搜索有关恐龙的信息已经长达三个小时。
3. as much as
意思是"高达......;与......一样多"。是用来表达极其多的语气。如:
Some of the stones weigh as much as fifteen tons.有些石头重达15吨。
as...as用法:
as...as意为"和……一样",表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词。其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as。
例如:
(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如:
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。
例如:
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。
几个关于as...as的常见句型:
(1)as...as possible
Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。
(2)as...as usual/before
She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
(3)as long as... (引导条件状语从句)
It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。
(4)as far as
He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。
(5)as well as
She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
as...as的结构:
as + 形容词或副词原级 + as
1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + of
But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.
但很多包含水的表达都有不愉快的含义。
meaning n. 意义;含义;意图 adj. 意味深长的 v. 意味;意思是(mean的ing形式)
meaning to 欲,打算 这个短语我在很多影视作品中都都见过~
当它表示“意义”时,我们需要把它跟另外两个词作对比:
meaning :普通用词,使用广泛。既可指语言表达的意思,又可指手势、符号、表情或艺术品或抽象概念所含的意义。
implication:指暗含的意思。
sense:特指词、短语或句子的某种特定意思。也常指多种解释的一种。
The expression "to be in hot water" is one of them.
"to be in hot water"就是其中之一。
It is a very old expression.
这是一种非常古老的表达。
to be in hot water遇到麻烦;陷入困境
"Hot water" was used five-hundred years ago to mean being in trouble.
早在500年前,"Hot water"就用于表示遇到麻烦。
mean vt. 表示…的意思;本意是, 原意为; 意味;怀有某目的; 打算;对某人有价值或重要;打算或注定要某人成为或做某事
adj. 吝啬的; 自私的;卑鄙的, 不善良的;中间的, 平均的;低微的
n. 平均数, 平均值;中间, 中庸
没想到mean的含义如此之多~~
在口语中我们用don't be mean about that表示“别太没意思了啊!”
作为动词使用时,两种用法我们需要特别注意:
1.mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)”,其主语通常是指事物的词。
Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生,(意味着)你要努力学习。
Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。
2.mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”, 其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。
What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎样处理?
We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。
One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
有一种说法称,这种表达起源于这样一个传统:当敌人袭击一座城堡时,城堡中的人就会将滚烫的开水泼向敌人。
custom n. 风俗;习惯;海关 adj. 定制的,定做的 一直记得除了名词它还有个别的属性,查了资料才确定下来。
custom house n. 海关
各种“习惯”的表达:
habit:侧重于自然养成的,不易去掉的个人习惯。
custom:指一个国家、一个民族、一个地区或一个社会的习惯、行为方式或风俗习惯。也可指个人的习惯。
manners:指某一时期或某一团体中盛行中的社会礼仪或社会风俗模式。
usage:指持续时间长,为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗。
practice:常指习惯性的做法或行为。
convention:多指约定俗成的行为方式规则或公认的标准,或指艺术上公认的技巧。
tradition:广义指世代相传的伦理、行为规范和生活方式,特指因长久奉行而几乎具有法律效力的习惯、习俗,侧重历史意义。
That no longer happens.
那种情况已不再发生。
no longer 不再
我们都知道no more和no longer都可以表示同样的意思,那么两者的区别在哪里呢?
一、 no longer与no more的意义区别
1. no longer着重表示时间或距离的“不再”延长,意为“如今不再”。等于not... any longer。
2. no more着重表示数量或程度的减少,“不再”增加,意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。等于not... any more。
用作副词表示时间上的“不再”,可用no longer, not…any longer, not…any more。
二、时态区别
1. no longer / not... any longer表示不再继续或再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作/ 状态时,常用于过去时、现在时或将来时的句子中。如:
He was no longer a thief. 他不再是小偷了。
When there is no gravity, our feet no longer stay on the ground.
如果没有重力,我们的脚就不能再站稳在地面上。
2. no more / not... any more表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时,常用于过去时或将来时的句子中。如:
Now she wasn't afraid any more. 现在她再也不害怕了。
三、位置区别
当修饰动词时,no longer 通常位于句中的实意动词之前,动词be、助动词和情态动词之后,有时也可位于句末或句首(用于句首时,其后用倒装语序),可用于延续性动词和非延续性动词,此时也可用 not ... any more 或 not ... any longer。
no more (more 为形容词时,后接名词;more 为名词时,不接名词) 。no more 通常用于句末,且一般与非延续性动词连用。no more 也可表示时间上的“不再”(但要与非延续性动 词连用,且位于句末),但在现代英语中,no more 一般不这样用。
not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。如:
She could no longer find a way to get into the valley. 她再也找不到进山谷的路了。
Time or opportunity lost will return no more. 机不可失,时不再来。
四、修饰动词区别
1. no longer / not... any longer 习惯用来修饰表示状态的持续动词(如wait, live, work等)。
Don't wait any longer. 别再等了。
She could not keep up with him any longer.她不能再赶上他了。
2. no more / not... any more通常用来修饰表示具体动作的瞬间动词(如go, stand, visit等)。如:
We couldn't stand it any more. 我们不能再忍受了。
五、作用区别
两者都可用来修饰动词,在句中作状语。当no more作“不再(有、存在)”解时,还可作定语和宾语。如:
Later when they are far away from the earth and there is no more gravity, they find they are unable to stay in one place. 过后,当他们远离地球,到了不再有地球引力的地方时,他们发现自己不可能停留在一个地方不动。(作定语)
I have no more to say. 我再没有什么要说的了。(作宾语)
自己动手整理资料的好处是,看完了自己输入的一堆文字还能保持清醒。
But we still get in "hot water".
但我们仍会遇到麻烦。
When we are in "hot water", we are in trouble.
当说我们in hot water,也就是说我们遇到麻烦。
It can be any kind of trouble—serious or not so serious.
它可以表示任何严重或不严重的麻烦。
be in hot water处于水深火热中
kind n. 种类;性质 adj. 和蔼的;宽容的;令人感激的
of a kind 同一类的;蹩脚的
one of a kind 独一无二
在这里特定把kind点出来是为了方便作对比:
kind:指性质相同,而且特征很相似,足以归为一类的人或东西。
sort:普通用词,问题较kind随意,指对人或对事物进行的大概分类,有时含贬义。
type:指客观界限比较清楚,有相同本质特点的同类事物,或指大致相似的同类事物。
class:正式用词,指门类、种类或优劣等级;用于指动植物的分类时,表示“纲”。
classification:指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。
category:书面用词,特指有确切定义的群体。
species:书面用词,单复数同形。指生物分类上的种类。
variety:强调有各自的特点,形式不同,品质不同的种类。
发现自己每个“种类”都认识,但是分别什么时候用却又说不上来。
A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police.
触犯了法律人就会惹上警察。
A young boy can be in hot water with his mother, if he walks in the house with dirty shoes.
孩子穿着脏鞋在屋里乱走就会惹上他妈。
瞬间想起了《绝望的主妇》里的Bree,事事可求完美的妈妈真是太可怕了!
Being in "deep water" is almost the same as being in hot water.
"in deep water"和"in hot water"含义几乎一样。
When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position.
当说你in deep water,也就是说你陷入困境中。
the same as 与...同样的
in deep water 水深火热中
position n. 位置,方位;职位,工作;姿态;站位 vt. 安置;把……放在适当位置
这个词对我来说并不是生词,只是没想到它还能作动词~~~
Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head.
想象一下,一个不会游泳的人被扔到深过头顶的水中会是怎么样?
You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve.
当你面对自己无力解决的问题时,你就是in deep water。
You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks without knowing anything about the stock market.
比如,如果你对股市一无所知时投资股票,你就会in deep water。
have the ability to do sth具有…的能力
stock n. 储备品, 供应物;(商店的)现货, 存货;公债; 股份; 股票;原汤, 汤料;家系, 家世, 血统
vt. 储备, 保持…的供应 adj. 通常备有现货的; 常备的;常用的; 陈腐的
很明显它在在文中表示“股票”。
"To keep your head above water" is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt.
"To keep your head above water"是一种饶有趣味的表达,意思是避免负债。
colorful adj. 富有色彩的;鲜艳的;多姿多彩的;富有趣味的;生动的
stay out ofvt. 置身于……之外
A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times.
公司在经济困难时期寻求避免负债。
A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
失业男子在找到新工作前会避免负债。
try to do sth.设法做某事,尽力做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事,试验做某事
"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event.
Water over the dam是另一个和过去发生的事有关的表达。
It is something that is finished. It cannot be changed.
它指已发生,无法改变的事情。
dam n. 坝, 堤 vt. 修筑水坝; 以水坝阻拦;拦阻; 抑制
Water over the dam覆水难收
The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
这个表达源自这样一个观点:从大坝溢出的水再也无法回流。
When a friend is troubled by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it.
当朋友被一个她犯下的错误所困扰,你告诉她要忘记这些。
You say it is water over the dam.
你就说,那个错误已经是覆水难收。
Another common expression, "to hold water", is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about.
另一个常用表达to hold water是关于你可能争论的一个想法或意见是否站得住脚。
to hold water (理论、计划等)证明正确合理、说得通;(容器)不漏水、言之有理
It probably comes from a way of testing the condition of a container.
它可能源自测试容器状态的方法。
If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it.
如果这个容器装上水后不漏,那这个容器就没有漏洞。
If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes.
如果你的论点站得住脚,那它就无懈可击。
If it does not hold water, then it is weak and not worth debating.
如果站不住脚,那就不值得辩论了。
worth adj. 值…的 n. 价值;财产
在这里我们需要对两个词作下比较复习:
worth与worthy都是作“值得”讲的形容词,但在使用上和与词的搭配关系上都不相同。
1.主语(物)+be +worth + 名词。
Hawaii is a beautiful place for travelling and worth a visit. 夏威夷是个旅游胜地,值得一游。
2.主语(人)+ be +worth + (表示金钱或财产)名词。表示“拥有……财产”。
He is worth several million dollars .他有好几百万美元的财产。
3.主语(物)+ be + worth +动名词。
The book is worth reading .这本书值得一读。
请注意:(1)在这种情况下,名子的主语与动名词在逻辑上有动宾关系,因此这个动名词应该是及物的(如上述例句)或具有及物性质的短语动词(如下述例句)。
The broadcast programme is worth listening to .这条广播节目值得一听。
The picture is worth taking good care of .那幅画值得好好保存。
(2)在这结构中,也可用先行词it 作主语。
It is worth repairing the TV set. 这台电视机值修一下。
(3)worth前面,一般用well修饰,不用very。
The scheme is well worth a try .这个计划很值得一次。
4.Worth one's while "对……是值得做的,对……有益的,使感兴趣的”,主语是动名词或动词不定式。句首用it作形式主语。
(1) It is worth (one's) while + doing sth.值得某人做某事。
(2) It is worth (one's)while +to do sth. =To do sth .is worth(one's)while.值得(某人)做某事。
二、worthy 可作定语和表语,作表语时是“值得”的含义。
1.Worthy 可作定语,意思是“可敬的,有价值得,相称的”。
They are my worthy friends. 他们是我的可敬的朋友。
2. Worthy 作表语,后接不定式作状语。如果句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,则不定式有主动语态;如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态。
The problem is worthy to be considered .这个问题值得考虑。
3.Worthy of “值得……,配得上……”。
(1)主语 + be + worthy of + n .
The article is worthy of careful study . 这篇文章值得仔细研究。
(2)主语 + be + worthy of + being done
The book is worthy of being read .这本书值得一读。
比较:The book is worthy to read.
The book is worth reading .
(3)worthy of 作后置定语。
He is a teacher worthy of great respect. 他是位受尊敬的教师。
"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with ideas or proposals.
"Throwing cold water"是一个和想法或建议有关的表达。
It means to not like an idea.
意思是不喜欢某个想法。
For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems.
例如,你想买辆新车,因为旧车有一些毛病。
But your wife "throws cold water" on the idea because she says a new car costs too much.
但你的妻子对你这个想法泼冷水,因为她说,新车太贵了。
Throwing cold water泼冷水
我家上校是只黏人又磨人的小妖精,一手托着它,一手还得查资料打字,趁它在我掌心睡着了才能从“水深火热”中逃脱出来,顺利完成这篇笔记,不容易啊,奖励自己吃根甜玉米!