浅拷贝

Object.assign

Object.assign() 方法用于将所有可枚举属性的值从一个或多个源对象复制到目标对象。它将返回目标对象。

注意

Object.assign 会跳过那些值为 null 或 undefined 的源对象。

const target = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const source = { b: 4, c: 5 };

const returnedTarget = Object.assign(target, source);

console.log(target);
// expected output: Object { a: 1, b: 4, c: 5 }

console.log(returnedTarget);
// expected output: Object { a: 1, b: 4, c: 5 }

[].concat

[].concat 复制数组, 类似于对于对象的复制, 可以使用 [].concat 进行数组的深复制

var list = [1, 2, 3];
var changedList = [].concat(list);
changedList[1] = 2;
list === changedList; // false

同样 concat 方法只能保证一层深复制

> list = [[1,2,3]]
[ [ 1, 2, 3 ] ]
> new_list = [].concat(list)
[ [ 1, 2, 3 ] ]
> new_list[0][0] = 4
4
> list
[ [ 4, 2, 3 ] ]

注意

浅拷贝会出现引用混乱的问题

const object1 = {
  title: {
    text: 'hello object1',
    value: '1'
  }
}

const obj1 = Object.assign({}, object1)
const obj2 = Object.assign({}, object1)
obj2.title.text = 'hello world'

console.log('obj1')
console.log(obj1) // { title: { text: 'hello world', value: '1' } }

console.log('obj2')
console.log(obj2) // { title: { text: 'hello world', value: '1' } }

console.log('object1')
console.log(object1) // { title: { text: 'hello world', value: '1' } }

深拷贝

递归属性遍历

由于原型不应该被赋予给新对象，在遍历的过程中，使用hasOenProperty方法过滤掉那些继承自原型链上的属性

const object1 = {
  title: {
    text: 'hello object1',
    value: '1'
  }
}

function clone (obj) {
  let copy

  // Handle the 3 simple types, and null or undefined
  if (null == obj || 'object' != typeof obj) return obj

  // Handle Date
  if (obj instanceof Date) {
    copy = new Date()
    copy.setTime(obj.getTime())
    return copy
  }

  // Handle Array
  if (obj instanceof Array) {
    copy = []
    for (var i = 0, len = obj.length; i < len; i++) {
      copy[i] = clone(obj[i])
    }
    return copy
  }

  // Handle Object
  if (obj instanceof Object) {
    copy = {}
    for (var attr in obj) {
      if (obj.hasOwnProperty(attr)) copy[attr] = clone(obj[attr])
    }
    return copy
  }

  throw new Error(`Unable to copy obj! Its type isn't supported.`)
}

let obj3 = clone(object1)
console.log(obj3) // { title: { text: 'hello object1', value: '1' } }

obj3.title.text = 'hi !'
console.log(obj3) // { title: { text: 'hi !', value: '1' } }
console.log(object1) // { title: { text: 'hello object1', value: '1' } }

利用JSON深拷贝

JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))

JSON复制会忽略掉值为undefined以及函数表达式

const object2 = {
  title: {
    text: 'object2',
    value: '2',
    age: undefined,
    name: null,
    sum: function() { return 1 }
  }
}

let obj4 = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(object2))
console.log(obj4) // { title: { text: 'object2', value: '2', name: null } }

obj4.title.text = 'obj4'
console.log(obj4) // { title: { text: 'obj4', value: '2', name: null } }

console.log(object2) // { title: { text: 'object2', value: '2', age: undefined, name: null, sum: [Function: sum] } }