美团并发编程笔试题

1.CompletableFuture的使用

使用CompletableFuture编排 AService.get()、BService.get()、CService.get(int i) (ABC三个服务返回结果都是int),满足使用A、B的结果相加,再作为参数传给C,取得C的结果后乘以 100 后返回。
要求:
1.显示指定线程池
2.处理异常情况,异常情况返回0。

public class ThreadOrchestration {

    // 手动创建线程池
    private static ThreadPoolExecutor executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
            3,
            6,
            3,
            TimeUnit.SECONDS,
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(10),
            Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
            new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
    );

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int result = calculateResult();
        System.out.println("Final Result: " + result);

        // 关闭线程池
        executorService.shutdown();
    }

    public static int calculateResult() {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> taskA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(AService::get, executorService);
        CompletableFuture<Integer> taskB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(BService::get, executorService);

        CompletableFuture<Integer> combinedFuture = taskA.thenCombine(taskB, (a, b) -> a + b)
                .thenCompose(result -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> CService.get(result), executorService));

        try {
            int finalResult = combinedFuture.get();
            return finalResult * 100;
        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return 0;
        }
    }
}


class AService {
    public static int get() {
        return 10;
    }
}

class BService {
    public static int get() {
        return 20;
    }
}

class CService {
  public static int get(int num) {
        return num;
    }
}

2.消息队列实现

编写一个队列,生产者生产消息(消息内容是1,2,3,...,n),消费者消费消息,并将消息打印到控制台。
要求:
1.生产者以每秒10个的速率生产消息,队列满了后阻塞等待;
2.队列长度为100;
3.消费者以每秒1个的速率消费消息;
生产者和消费者在不同的线程;

public class ProducerConsumerTest1 {
    // 消息队列容量
    private static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY = 100;
    // 每秒10个消息
    private static final int PRODUCER_RATE = 10;
    // 每秒1个消息
    private static final int CONSUMER_RATE = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        BlockingQueue<AtomicInteger> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_CAPACITY);
        AtomicInteger message = new AtomicInteger(0);

        // 生产者任务
        Thread producerThread = new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                // 将消息放入队列,如果队列已满则阻塞等待
                try {
                    message.getAndIncrement();
                    queue.put(message);
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 生产者生产消息:" + message.get());
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 / PRODUCER_RATE);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "producer-thread");

        Thread consumerThread = new Thread(() -> {
            while (true) {
                // 从消息队列中取出消息,如果队列为空则阻塞
                try {
                    int num = queue.take().get();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "----消费者消费消息----:" + num);
                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 / CONSUMER_RATE);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }, "consumer-thread");

        producerThread.start();
        consumerThread.start();

        // 等待30后中断生产者和消费者线程
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
        producerThread.interrupt();
        consumerThread.interrupt();
    }
} 

3.消费者消费不到消息就阻塞等待,并且不能重复消费

public class ProducerConsumerTest2 {
    // 消息队列容量
    private static final int QUEUE_CAPACITY = 100;
    // 每秒10个消息
    private static final int PRODUCER_RATE = 10;
    // 每秒1个消息
    private static final int CONSUMER_RATE = 1;
    // 消费者数量
    private static final int CONSUMER_NUM = 20;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        BlockingQueue<AtomicInteger> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(QUEUE_CAPACITY);
        Set<Integer> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<Integer>());
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(CONSUMER_NUM);
        AtomicInteger message = new AtomicInteger(0);


        // 生产者任务
        Thread producerThread = new Thread(() -> {
             while (true) {
                 // 将消息放入队列,如果队列已满则阻塞等待
                 try {
                     message.getAndIncrement();
                     queue.put(message);
                     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 生产者生产消息:" + message.get());
                     TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 / PRODUCER_RATE);
                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
                 }
             }
        }, "producer-thread");


        for (int i = 0; i < CONSUMER_NUM; i++) {
            threadPool.execute(() -> {
                while (true) {
                    // 从消息队列中取出消息,如果队列为空则阻塞
                    try {
                        int num = queue.take().get();
                        // 判断是否重复消费
                        if (!set.contains(num)) {
                            set.add(num);
                            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "----消费者消费消息----:" + num);
                        }
                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(1000 / CONSUMER_RATE);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        producerThread.start();

        // 等待30后中断生产者线程、关闭线程池资源
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
        producerThread.interrupt();
        threadPool.shutdown();
    }
}

4.创建两个线程,一个线程打印奇数,另一个线程打印偶数

要求打印结果按顺序交替输出,例如:1、2、3、4、5、6、...

public class EvenOddPrinter {
private static final Object lock = new Object();
    private static int count = 1;
    private static final int max = 100;

public static void main(String[] args) {
 // thread1 打印奇数数字
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            while (count < max) {
                synchronized (lock) {
                    if (count % 2 == 1) {
                         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + count);
                        count ++;
                    }
                    Thread.yield();
                }
            }
        });

        // thread2 打印偶数数字
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            while (count < max) {
                synchronized (lock) {
                    if (count % 2 == 0) {
                         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + count);
                        count ++;
                    }
                    Thread.yield();
                }
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": 两个子线程交替打印数字完毕");
  }
}  

5.基本的线程调度问题

编写一个Java函数,通过调用AService.get()、BService.get()、CService.get()三个接口,获取三个整数,然后将这三个整数累加,最终返回累加的值。要求:
1.调用三个接口的操作需要并行执行,以提高效率;
2.累加操作需要在获取三个整数的操作完成后进行,因此需要保证三个整数均已获取后才能进行累加操作;
3.考虑多线程安全问题。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Service aService = new AService();
        Service bService = new BService();
        Service cService = new CService();

        CompletableFuture<Integer> taskA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(aService::get);
        CompletableFuture<Integer> taskB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(bService::get);
        CompletableFuture<Integer> taskC = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(cService::get);

        // 完成所有任务,才可以进行下一步累加操作
        CompletableFuture<Void> allFutures = CompletableFuture.allOf(taskA, taskB, taskC);

        // 等待所有任务执行完成
        allFutures.join();

        int total = 0;
        // 累加三个任务的执行结果
        total = taskA.get() + taskB.get() + taskC.get();
        System.out.println("total: " + total);
    }
}

interface Service {
    int get();
}

class AService implements Service{
    @Override
    public int get() {
        return 10;
    }
}

class BService implements Service{
    @Override
    public int get() {
        return 20;
    }
}

class CService implements Service{
    @Override
    public int get() {
        return 30;
    }
}
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