1，Nginx功能模块化
耦合度更低，易于管理。SQA架构。RPC服务都属于低耦合的技术模式。
2，虚拟主机分类介绍
3，实践
基于域名的虚拟主机
[root@web02 ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# egrep -v "^$|#" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 80;
12 server_name localhost;
13 location / {
14 root html;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
18 location = /50x.html {
19 root html;
20 }
21 }
22 }
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 80;
12 server_name www.etiantian.org;
13 location / {
14 root html/www;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 }
18 }
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir ../html/www
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "www.etiantian.org" >../html/www/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/www/index.html
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web01
172.16.1.8 web02
172.16.1.9 web03
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.61 m01
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "10.0.0.8 www.etiantian.org" >>/etc/hosts
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
10.0.0.8 www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# ping www.etiantian.org
PING www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo 'PATH="/application/nginx/sbin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# . /etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo $PATH
/application/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx ^C
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 80;
12 server_name www.etiantian.org;
13 location / {
14 root html/www;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 }
18 server {
19 listen 80;
20 server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
21 location / {
22 root html/bbs;
23 index index.html index.htm;
24 }
25 }
26 server {
27 listen 80;
28 server_name blog.etiantian.org;
29 location / {
30 root html/blog;
31 index index.html index.htm;
32 }
33 }
34 }
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir ../html/{bbs,blog}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "bbs.etiantian.org" >../html/bbs/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "blog.etiantian.org" >../html/blog/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/blog/index.html
blog.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/bbs/index.html
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.1.5 lb01
172.16.1.6 lb02
172.16.1.7 web01
172.16.1.8 web02
172.16.1.9 web03
172.16.1.31 nfs01
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
172.16.1.61 m01
10.0.0.8 www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
"/etc/hosts" 12L, 396C 已写入
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# ping bbs.etiantian.org
PING www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.022 ms
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.056 ms
^C
--- www.etiantian.org ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.022/0.039/0.056/0.017 ms
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# ping blog.etiantian.org
PING www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.228 ms
64 bytes from www.etiantian.org (10.0.0.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms
^C
--- www.etiantian.org ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.029/0.128/0.228/0.100 ms
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
基于端口虚拟主机：
[root@web02 ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cp nginx.conf{,_BaseName}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf index.html mime.types.default scgi_params win-utf
fastcgi.conf.default koi-utf nginx.conf scgi_params.default
fastcgi_params koi-win nginx.conf_BaseName uwsgi_params
fastcgi_params.default mime.types nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params.default
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# vim nginx.conf
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 81;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 82;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
"nginx.conf" 34L, 753C 已写入
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:82 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org:81
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org:82
blog.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
基于IP的虚拟主机：
[root@web02 ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.9 dev eth0 label eth0:9
[root@web02 ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.10 dev eth0 label eth0:10
[root@web02 ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe12:170c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:12:17:0c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 21765 bytes 18029629 (17.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 12171 bytes 1426129 (1.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0:9: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:12:17:0c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
eth0:10: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 10.0.0.8:80;
12 server_name www.etiantian.org;
13 location / {
14 root html/www;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 }
18 server {
19 listen 10.0.0.9:80;
20 server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
21 location / {
22 root html/bbs;
23 index index.html index.htm;
24 }
25 }
26 server {
27 listen 10.0.0.10:80;
28 server_name blog.etiantian.org;
29 location / {
30 root html/blog;
31 index index.html index.htm;
32 }
33 }
34 }
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:82 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s stop
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.10:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.9:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.8
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.9
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.10
blog.etiantian.org
一，什么是恶意域名解析
一般情况下，要使域名能访问到网站需要两步，第一步，将域名解析到网站所在的主机，第二步，在web服务器中将域名与相应的网站绑定。但是，如果通过主机IP能直接访问某网站，那么把域名解析到这个IP也将能访问到该网站，而无需在主机上绑定，也就是说任何人将任何域名解析到这个IP就能访问到这个网站。
二，恶意域名解析的危害
假如那域名是不友善的域名，比如曾经指向非法网站，容易引发搜索引擎惩罚，连带IP受到牵连。即使域名没什么问题，但流量也会被劫持到别的域名，从而遭到广告联盟的封杀。
三，如何防止，配置里第一个标签如下配置
server{
listen 80;
server_name _default;
return 500;
}
优化nginx配置文件
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir extra
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '10,17p' nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '10,17p' nginx.conf >extra/01_www.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf >extra/02_bbs.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf >extra/03_blog.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cd extra/
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cat 01_www.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cat 02_bbs.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cat 03_blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cd ../
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -n '10,33p' nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -i '10,33d' nginx.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# sed -i '10 i include extra/01_www.conf;\ninclude extra/02_bbs.conf;\ninclude extra/03_blog.conf;' nginx.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]#
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include extra/01_www.conf;
include extra/02_bbs.conf;
include extra/03_blog.conf;
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
