python 调用linux shell

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


import os
import subprocess
import time

'''
a =os.popen('sh','w+')
p.write("ls -l")
p.read()


Time_Now=time.strftime('%Y%m%d',time.localtime(time.time()))

cmd2='script -a /home/neal/Documents/Log_local_terminal/terminal'+Time_Now+'.txt'
print '#',cmd2
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd2,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
'''
subprocess.Popen('ride.py &',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

'''

cmd1='cd / ;ls -l'
p = subprocess.Popen('cd / ;ls -l',shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
print '#',cmd1
for line in p.stdout.readlines():
    print line,
retval = p.wait()

cmd='ping -c 4 baidu.com'
w = subprocess.Popen(cmd,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
print '#',cmd
for line in w.stdout.readlines():
    print line,
retval = w.wait()

'''

常用的几种shell命令调用方式：

#!/usr/bin/env bash 

import os
import commands
import subprocess

# ①-- os.system() --
# execute shell command in sub-terminal and can not get the return result
result1 = os.system('ls -l .')
print('result: ')
print(result1)
print('----------------------------------------')

# ②-- os.popen() --
# execute and can get the return result
result2 = os.popen('ls -l')
# file type
print('type: ', type(result2))

result3 = os.popen('ls -l').readlines()
# list file
print('type: ', type(result3))
print('result: ')
print(result3)
print('----------------------------------------')

#③ -- commands --
# import commands
# method:
#    getoutput
#    getstatusoutput
result4 = commands.getoutput('ls -l')
print('result: ')
print(result4)
print('=======')
result5_status, result5_output = commands.getstatusoutput('ls -l')
print('status: ', result5_status)
print('output: ')
print(result5_output)
print('----------------------------------------')



# ④subprocess
# import subprocess
# method:
#    call(["cmd","arg1", "arg2"], shell=True) refer to os.system()
#   Popen("cmd", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT) refer to os.popen
#
#result6 = subprocess.call("ls -l", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
p = subprocess.Popen('ls *.txt', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
print(p.stdout.readlines())

for line in p.stdout.readlines():
    print line,

## wait for child process to terminate, and turn returncode
retval = p.wait()
##  if ok, return 0
print(retval)