调用过程
org.springframework.web.servler.ViewResolver
用来决定应该用哪个org.springframework.web.servlet.View
的实例来创建并发送给客户端的response。
Dispatcherservlet 收到一个由request handler (通常为Controller中处理用户请求的方法)处理完用户请求而返回的值之后,在DispatcherServlet#doDispatch
中调用了processDispatchResult
:
/**
* Handle the result of handler selection and handler invocation, which is
* either a ModelAndView or an Exception to be resolved to a ModelAndView.
*/
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, ModelAndView mv, Exception exception) throws Exception
之后的call hierarchy如下:
在DispatcherServlet#resolveViewName
中,遍历当前的所有ViewResolver
,调用其resolveViewName
方法:
protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model, Locale locale,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
}
return null;
}
因此,ViewResolver#resolveViewName
的语义就是:对于给定的viewName
(由Controller返回),若是能够处理,则返回对应的View的实例,否则返回null,由下一个ViewResolver 处理。
找到合适的view之后,即调用其render方法,将从request handler 返回的数据(在spring mvc中称为model
),进行数据绑定并对客户端进行相应:
//DispatcherServlet#render(...):
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
详情可参考:SpringMVC#mvc-viewresolver
注册ViewResolver
从上面的代码可以看到,所有的ViewResolver
保存在DispatcherServlet#viewResolvers
中,而viewResolvers这个列表的值从context里面、与获取其他bean一样、来获取:
private void initViewResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
this.viewResolvers = null;
if (this.detectAllViewResolvers) {
// Find all ViewResolvers in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
Map<String, ViewResolver> matchingBeans =
//从context中获取类型为ViewResolver的bean
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, ViewResolver.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList<ViewResolver>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep ViewResolvers in sorted order.
OrderComparator.sort(this.viewResolvers);
}
}
else {
try {
//从context中获取类型为ViewResolver的bean
ViewResolver vr = context.getBean(VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, ViewResolver.class);
this.viewResolvers = Collections.singletonList(vr);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default ViewResolver later.
}
}
// Ensure we have at least one ViewResolver, by registering
// a default ViewResolver if no other resolvers are found.
if (this.viewResolvers == null) {
this.viewResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, ViewResolver.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No ViewResolvers found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
}
}
}
这里可以看到,ViewResolver是有顺序的(可以通过@order 来控制bean的顺序),若是多个ViewResolver可以处理同样的viewName
,那么排在后面的ViewResolver将不起作用。
View#render
View#render 方法负责输出最终的HTTP response.
其接收三个参数:
- Map<String, ?> model: 从Controller那边获得的跟业务相关的数据
- HttpServletRequest request: �当前的HTTP request
- HttpServletResponse response:当前正在构建的HTTP response,可将内容写入并发送给客户端
SpringMVC 提供了许多默认的View的实现类,可以满足大部分开发的需求——�如果完全使用spring框架的话。如果你打算自己控制render过程,有自己的一套模板机制,那么就可以创建自定义View的实现类了。
总结
这里简单讲述了当一个request被处理完成之后,将处理结果转化为response的过程中涉及到的类。大致流程如下:
- 接收到客户端的request,根据request查找对应的request handler(一般为Controller中的方法)
- request handler处理完之后返回,spring将处理结果包装为
ModelAndView
(将在其他文章中介绍这个过程) -
DispatcherServlet
根据ModelAndView
的view name来选择对应的View:遍历ViewResolver,ViewResolver根据view name来返回对应的View的实现类(或返回null并交给下一个ViewResolver) - 调用
View#render
来生成最终的response,在View的实现类中实现最终渲染并输出到response的过程。