感谢这位大神提供的解决方案：
https://github.com/cy920820/Libstdc-.6.0.9-files

Libstdc-.6.0.9-files

该项目用于Xcode 10+ 不支持使用lbstdc++插件报错异常解决方案

类似这种报错Info: Error: ld: library not found for "-lstdc++.6"

Usage

根据调试方式不同，真机和模拟器文件放置路径存在差异，分别复制对应的Lib文件到下面的路径即可解决Xcode编译报错

XCode10

Device(真机)
Put tbd copy to the path
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk/usr/lib/

Simulator(模拟器)
Put dylib copy to the path:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/usr/lib/
Put tdb copy to the path:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/usr/lib/

XCode11/12

Device(真机)
Put tbd copy to the path
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk/usr/lib/

Simulator(模拟器)
Put dylib copy to the path:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot/usr/lib/
Put tdb copy to the path:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator.sdk/usr/lib/