Spring Boot提供如下方式进行测试Controller

1. 直接注入Controller
2. 基于一个mock的MVC,没有启动Server
3. 基于客户端，启动Server

maven依赖

     <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
    </dependency>

定义一个Controller

@Controller
public class HomeController {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public @ResponseBody
    String greeting() {
        return "Hello, World";
    }
}

测试Controller

package org.ysy.study.bcdb;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.ysy.study.bcdb.controller.HomeController;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@SpringBootTest
class BcdbApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private HomeController controller;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        assertThat(controller).isNotNull();
    }

}

测试基于MVCMock

package org.ysy.study.bcdb;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import static org.hamcrest.core.StringContains.containsString;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

/**
 * Desc: TestingWebApplicationTest
 * Created ysy on 2020/8/20 19:01.
 */
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class TestingWebApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")).andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Hello, World")));
    }
}

测试基于启动tomcat服务

package org.ysy.study.bcdb;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/**
 * Desc: HttpRequestTest
 * Created ysy on 2020/8/20 18:57.
 */
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HttpRequestTest {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void greetingShouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
         System.out.println(port);
        assertThat(this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/bcdb/",
                String.class)).contains("Hello, World");
    }
}