1、LNMP前言介绍
大约在2010年以前，互联网公司最常用的经典web服务环境组合就是LAMP（即Linux、Apache、Mysql、PHP），近几年随着nginx web服务的逐渐流行，又出现了新的web服务环境组合——LNMP或LEMP，其中LNMP全称为Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP等首字母的缩写，而LEMP中的E也表示Nginx，他是取自Nginx名字的发音（enginex）。现在LNMP已经成为国内中大型互联网公司网站的主流组合环境，因此，我们必须要熟练掌握LNMP环境的搭建、优化以及维护方法才行。
原理：
image.png
环境
本文全部采用编译安装
nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
php-7.3.5.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
wordpress-5.1.1.zip
[root@web02 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@web02 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@web02 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
1、先装数据库：
1、创建用户
[root@web02 ~]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@web02 ~]# id mysql
uid=1002(mysql) gid=1002(mysql) 组=1002(mysql)
2、上传软件到指定的目录
[root@web02 ~]# cd /server/tools/
[root@web02 /server/tools]#
http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -lsh
总用量 616M
615M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 615M 5月 4 20:48 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
0 drwxr-xr-x 9 www www 204 4月 30 12:04 nginx-1.16.0
1012K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1009K 4月 23 21:58 nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
[root@web02 /server/tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@web02 /server/tools]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.26
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.26/ /application/mysql
相当于完成以下三步了。
./configure;make;make install
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls /application/mysql/
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
3、配置配置文件/etc/my.cnf
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -l /etc/my.cnf #yum安装mariadb的默认的my.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 570 8月 16 2018 /etc/my.cnf
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
#yum remove mariadb 卸载依赖包。
[root@web02 /server/tools]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
[root@web02 /server/tools]# ls -l /etc/my.cnf
ls: 无法访问/etc/my.cnf: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@web02 /server/tools]# cat>/etc/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /application/mysql/
datadir = /application/mysql/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
server_id = 1
port = 3306
log_error = /application/mysql/data/oldboy_mysql.err
[mysql]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
prompt = oldboy [\\d]>
EOF
4、初始化数据库
[root@web02 /server/tools]# rpm -qa mariadb-libs
[root@web02 /server/tools]# yum install libaio-devel -y
[root@web02 /server/tools]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data
[root@web02 /server/tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
[root@web02 /server/tools]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data
error类似的字符串。。。
cd /application/mysql/data
rm -fr *
5、配置启动服务
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# cat /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server by oldboy
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
启动：
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server by oldboy
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2019-05-06 09:41:25 CST; 10s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Main PID: 7285 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─7285 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
5月 06 09:41:25 web02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server by oldboy.
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 7285/mysqld
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep
mysql 7285 1 0 09:41 ? 00:00:00 /application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
6、配置环境变量登录
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# . /etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/application/nginx/sbin:/application/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@web02 /application/mysql/support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
oldboy [(none)]>
成功登录。
oldboy [(none)]>quit
Bye
如果出错就看错误日志：
日志文件
cat /application/mysql/data/oldboy_mysql.err
7、修改密码
mysqladmin -u root password 'oldboy123'
重新登录：
交互式登录：
[root@web02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
非交互登录：
mysql -uroot -poldboy123
PHP
编译安装PHP
1、php调用的库比较全面，到哪家公司一般都通用
yum install zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel -y
yum install freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel libxslt-devel -y
cd /server/tools/
上传libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
tar zxf libiconv-1.16.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.16
./configure --prefix=/application/libiconv
make
make install
cd ../
yum install libmcrypt-devel -y
yum install mhash -y
yum install mcrypt -y
2、安装PHP
cd /server/tools/
tar xf php-7.3.5.tar.gz
cd php-7.3.5/
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php-7.3.5 \
--enable-mysqlnd \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-iconv-dir=/application/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-gd \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-xsl \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-opcache=no
make
make install
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# echo $?
0
7.2 抛弃了。
--with-mysql=/application/mysql 编译PHP时候使用mysql软件下面的库文件。
--enable-mysqlnd 带mysql库文件
将nginx的用户和PHP的用户统一：nginx
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# useradd nginx -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# id nginx
uid=1111(nginx) gid=1111(nginx) 组=1111(nginx)
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# vim /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
user nginx nginx;
（编译的时候就改用nginx）
[root@web02 ~]# ln -s /application/php-7.3.5/ /application/php
[root@web02 ~]# ls /application/php/
bin etc include lib php sbin var
3、配置php.ini（PHP解析器配置文件）
[root@web02 /application/php]# cd /server/tools/php-7.3.5/
#php主配置文件
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ls php.ini-*
php.ini-development php.ini-production
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# cp php.ini-development /application/php/lib/php.ini
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71648 5月 6 11:51 /application/php/lib/php.ini
4、配置PHP FPM
[root@web02 /server/tools/php-7.3.5]# cd /application/php/etc/
#主配置文件
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@web02 /application/php/etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
#子配置文件：修改用户和组、LNMP最重要的一个文件
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
5、启动PHP服务
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# netstat -lntup|grep php-fpm
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12214/php-fpm: mast
6、开机自启动
[root@web02 /application/php/etc/php-fpm.d]# tail -2 /etc/rc.local
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
/application/php/sbin/php-fpm
检查三项服务是否开启
netstat -lntup |grep "mysql"
netstat -lntup |grep "php"
netstat -lntup |grep "nginx"
配置nginx转发PHP请求
8、测试NGINX连接PHP
编写测试文件
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > ../html/blog/test_info.php
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/blog/test_info.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# /application/php/bin/php /application/nginx/html/blog/test_info.php
成功的配置：
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf/extra]# cat 03_blog.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
测试PHP连接mysql
[root@web02 /application/nginx/html/blog]# cat /application/nginx/html/blog/test_mysql.php
<?php
//$link_id=mysqli_connect('主机名','用户','密码');
$link_id=mysqli_connect('localhost','root','oldboy123') or mysql_error();
if($link_id){
echo "mysql successful by oldboy.\n";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
[root@web02 /application/nginx/html/blog]# /application/php/bin/php /application/nginx/html/blog/test_mysql.php
mysql successful by oldboy.
