目标:
- 模拟实现一个基于文本界面的《客户信息管理软件》
- 进一步掌握变成技巧和调试技巧
- 主要设计一下知识点:
-类的结构的使用:属性、方法、构造器
-对象的创建与使用
-类的封装性
-声明和使用数组
-数组的插入、删除和替换
-关键字的使用:this
需求说明
需求说明
需求说明2
需求说明3
需求说明4
需求说明5
需求说明6[图片上传中...(image-75b342-1622534707200)]
需求说明7
软件设计结构
键盘访问的实现
键盘访问实现2
Customer类的设计
Customer类代码
public class Customer{
private String name;
private char gender;
private int age;
private String phone;
private String email;
public void setName(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public void setGender(char gender){
this.gender = gender;
}
public char getGender(){
return gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public Customer(){
}
public Customer(String name,char gender,int age,String phone,String email){
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.phone = phone;
this.email = email;
}
}
CustomerList类的设计
CustomerList代码
public class CustomerList{
private Customer[] customers; //用来保护用户信息的数组
private int total = 0; //记录已经保存的客户信息的数量
//以下为改类提供的构造器和方法
//构造器,用来初始化customers数组
public CustomerList(int totalCustomer){
customers = new Customer[totalCustomer];
}
//添加一个客户
public boolean addCustomer(Customer customer){
if(total >= customers.length){
return false; //结束程序
}else{
customers[total] = customer;
total++;
return true;
}
}
//替换一个客户的信息
public boolean replaceCustomer(int index,Customer cust){
if(index<0 || index>=total){
return false;
}else{
customers[index] = cust;
return true;
}
}
//删除一个客户的信息
public boolean deleteCustomer(int index){
if(index<0 || index>= total){
return false;
}
else{
for(int i = index; i<total-1;i++){
customers[i] = customers[i+1];
}
//最后有数组的数组置空
customers[total-1] = null;
total--;
return true;
}
}
//返回包含所有客户信息的列表
public Customer[] getAllCustomers(){
Customer[] custs = new Customer[total]; //新实例化一个列表
for(int i = 0; i<total;i++){
custs[i] = customers[i]; //把customers已经储存的信息赋到新的列表中
}
return custs;
}
//返回指定客户的信息
public Customer getCustomer(int index){
if(index<0 || index >= total){
return false;
}
else{
return customers[index];
}
}
//返回客户列表的长度
public int getTotal(){
return total;
}
}
CustomerView类的设计
CustomerView
CustomerView类代码块
public class CustomerView{
//创建一个最大包含10个客户对象的CustomerList对象,供以下成员方法使用
CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10);
public CustomerView(){
Customer customer = new Customer("郭英虎",'男',23,"13562894181","1604961349@qq.com");
customerList.addCustomer(customer);
}
public void enterMainMenu(){
boolean isFlag = true;
while(isFlag){
System.out.println("----------------------客户信息管理软件----------------------\n");
System.out.println(" 1.添加客户");
System.out.println(" 2.修改客户");
System.out.println(" 3.删除客户");
System.out.println(" 4.客户列表");
System.out.println(" 5.退 出\n");
System.out.print(" 请选择(1-5):");
char menu = CMUtility.readMenuSelection();
switch (menu) {
case '1':
addNewCustomer();
case '2':
modifyCustomer();
case '3':
deleteCustomer();
case '4':
listAllCustomer();
case '5':
System.out.println("是否确认退出(Y/N):");
char isExit = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if(isExit == 'Y'){
isFlag = false;
}
}
}
}
private void addNewCustomer(){
System.out.println("----------------------添加客户----------------------");
System.out.print("姓名");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10);
System.out.print("性别");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar();
System.out.print("年龄");
int age = CMUtility.readInt();
System.out.print("电话");
String phone = CMUtility.readString(13);
System.out.print("邮箱");
String email = CMUtility.readString(30);
//将上述对象封装到对象中
Customer customer = new Customer(name, gender, age, phone, email);
boolean isSuccess = customerList.addCustomer(customer);
if(isSuccess){
System.out.println("----------------------添加完成----------------------");
}else{
System.out.println("----------------------客户目录已满,添加失败----------------------");
}
}
private void modifyCustomer(){
Customer cust;
int number;
for(;;){
System.out.println("----------------------修改客户信息----------------------");
System.out.print("请选择待修改客户的编号(-1退出)");
number = CMUtility.readInt();
if(number == -1){
return; //结束程序
}
cust = customerList.getCustomer(number -1 ); //用户输入界面是1,实际上是Index为0的数据
if(cust == null){
System.out.println("无法找到指定用户");
} else{ //找到了相应用户
break; //跳出for循环
}
}
System.out.print("姓名(" + cust.getName() + "):");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10,cust.getName()); //限制输入10个字符,如果没有则返回defaultvalue也就是后面的参数
System.out.print("性别(" + cust.getGender() + "):");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar(cust.getGender());
System.out.print("年龄(" + cust.getAge() + "):");
int age = CMUtility.readInt(cust.getAge());
System.out.print("电话(" + cust.getPhone() + "):");
String phone = CMUtility.readString(13, cust.getPhone());
System.out.print("邮箱(" + cust.getEmail() + "):");
String email = CMUtility.readString(30, cust.getEmail());
Customer newcust = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email);
boolean isReplaced = customerList.replaceCustomer(number-1,newcust);
if(isReplaced){
System.out.println("----------------------修改完成----------------------");
}else{
System.out.println("----------------------修改失败----------------------");
}
}
private void deleteCustomer(){
System.out.println("----------------------删除客户信息----------------------");
int number; //声明为局部变量,声明在for循环外部是因为number的数值在for循环内部改变后不会因为for循环执行完毕而被虚拟机回收,可以继续使用。
for(;;){
System.out.println("选择待删除客户的编号(-1退出)");
number = CMUtility.readInt();
if(number == -1){
return; //退出程序
}
Customer customer = customerList.getCustomer(number - 1);
if(customer == null){
System.out.println("无法找到指定用户");
} else{
break;
}
//找到了指定用户
System.out.println("需要确认是否删除(Y/N)");
char isDelete = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if(isDelete == 'Y'){
boolean deleteSuccess = customerList.deleteCustomer(number-1);
if(deleteSuccess){
System.out.println("----------------------删除完成----------------------");
}else{
System.out.println("----------------------删除失败----------------------");
}
}else{
return;
}
}
}
private void listAllCustomer(){
System.out.println("-------------------------客户列表-------------------------");
int total = customerList.getTotal();
if(total == 0){
System.out.println("没有客户记录");
}
else{
System.out.println("编号\t姓名\t\t性别\t年龄\t电话\t\t\t邮箱");
Customer[] custs = customerList.getAllCustomers();
for(int i = 0; i < custs.length;i++){
Customer cust = custs[i];
System.out.println((i+1) + "\t" + cust.getName() + "\t" + cust.getGender() +
"\t" + cust.getAge() + "\t" + cust.getPhone() + "\t" + cust.getEmail());
}
}
System.out.println("-------------------------客户列表完成-------------------------");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomerView view = new CustomerView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
CMUtility代码块
import java.util.*;
/**
CMUtility工具类:
将不同的功能封装为方法,就是可以直接通过调用方法使用它的功能,而无需考虑具体的功能实现细节。
*/
public class CMUtility {
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
用于界面菜单的选择。该方法读取键盘,如果用户键入’1’-’5’中的任意字符,则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符。
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c != '1' && c != '2' &&
c != '3' && c != '4' && c != '5') {
System.out.print("选择错误,请重新输入:");
} else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
从键盘读取一个字符,并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static char readChar() {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
return str.charAt(0);
}
/**
从键盘读取一个字符,并将其作为方法的返回值。
如果用户不输入字符而直接回车,方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
*/
public static char readChar(char defaultValue) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, true);
return (str.length() == 0) ? defaultValue : str.charAt(0);
}
/**
从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数,并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static int readInt() {
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);
try {
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误,请重新输入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数,并将其作为方法的返回值。
如果用户不输入字符而直接回车,方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
*/
public static int readInt(int defaultValue) {
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2, true);
if (str.equals("")) {
return defaultValue;
}
try {
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("数字输入错误,请重新输入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串,并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit) {
return readKeyBoard(limit, false);
}
/**
从键盘读取一个长度不超过limit的字符串,并将其作为方法的返回值。
如果用户不输入字符而直接回车,方法将以defaultValue 作为返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit, String defaultValue) {
String str = readKeyBoard(limit, true);
return str.equals("")? defaultValue : str;
}
/**
用于确认选择的输入。该方法从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’,并将其作为方法的返回值。
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection() {
char c;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {
break;
} else {
System.out.print("选择错误,请重新输入:");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {
String line = "";
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.length() == 0) {
if (blankReturn) return line;
else continue;
}
if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {
System.out.print("输入长度(不大于" + limit + ")错误,请重新输入:");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}