规则名词变复数及发音规律
情况 构成方式 读音 举例
1 一般情况 加 s 1)清辅音后读/s/ book-books
2)浊辅音或元音后读/z/ "dog-dogs toy- toys"
2 以o结尾的词 加 s 或es 读作/z/ "photo- photos hippo- hippos" "tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes"
3 以s,ss,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 es 读作/iz/ "bus-buses boss-bosses brush-brushes watch-watches box-boxes"
4 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 s 读作/iz/ "piece-pieces case- cases"
5 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变 y 为i加es 读作/iz/ "baby-babies city-cities"
以 y 结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 的名词变复数 直接加 s 读作/z/ "Mary - Marys (专有名词-街道或者四个玛丽) monkey - monkeys"
6 有些以f 或fe 结尾的单词 把 f/fe 变ve 加 s 读作/vz/ "leaf- leaves thief- thieves"
不规则名词变复数
* 变化单词内部的元音字母,构成复数形式 "man-men woman-women foot- feet tooth- teeth mouse - mice"
** 单数复数相同的单词 "sheep-sheep deer- deer chinese- chinese"
动词过去式的变化及发音规律
情况 构成方式 举例
1 动词原形以辅音+ y 结尾 把y变i+ed "carry- carried study- studies copy- copied"
2 动词原形结尾时重读音节,且从后往前是辅音+元音+辅音 双写最后的辅音+ed "hop-hopped skip-skipped swim-swimming"
3 规则动词过去式以e 结尾 去掉e+ed "live- lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped"
4 无上述特征的动词 直接+ed "call- called want-wanted act-acted wait- waited"
*** 易错点1动词原形以元音+y 结尾 直接+ed "play-played stay-stayed"
***易错点2动词原形从后往前为辅元辅,但结尾字母为X 直接+ed fix-fixed
规则动词过去式书写口诀 变i、双写、去e,直接加ed
动词过去式的变化及发音规律
情况 举例
1 "动词尾音是/t/或者/d/,动词过去式尾音,读/id/" "want- wanted start- started land-landed need- needed"
2 动词尾音是清辅音,声带无振动,过去式尾音,读/t/ "wash-washed help- helped dance-danced watch- watched"
3 动词尾音是浊辅音或者元音(除了清辅音以/t//d/结尾的动词)其他动词尾音都读/d/ "use-used call-called clean-cleaned enjoy-enjoyed"