名词说明:
Itr:集合ArrayList的内部类Itr(迭代器Iterator<E>接口的实现)
清单 1.for循环中调用ArrayList的和remove()
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("1");
list.add("2");
for (String s : list) {
list.add("3");
if ("2".equals(s)) {
list.remove(s);
}
}
清单 2.Itr的hasNext()源码
判断是否有下一个元素
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
清单 3.Itr的next()源码
获取集合下一个元素
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
清单 4.Itr的checkForComodification()源码
作用modCount和expectedModCount不相等,抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
清单 5.ArrayList.remove()源码
删除集合元素
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private void fastRemove(int index) {
// modCount是AbstractList类中的一个成员变量
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
清单 6.AbstractList类的modCount变量
protected transient int modCount = 0;// AbstractList类的一个成员变量,对ArrayList执行add()和remove()操作,modCount值都会加1
清单 7.Itr的remove()源码
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount; // 关键点
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
清单 8.Itr的成员变量expectedModCount
int expectedModCount = modCount;// Itr的成员变量,ArrayList修改次数的期望值,它的初始值为modCount
分析:
1.首先for in 语句是迭代器Iterator的简化版本
证明:执行清单1并在清单2 hasNext()方法中打上断点,程序会在断点位置停下来。
2.执行到Itr.next()时modCount和expectedModCount不一致
执行for in 语句相应会执行清单3中Itr.next()方法,该方法中首先会调用checkForComodification()检查modCount和expectedModCount是否相等
但是在执行ArrayList的remove()方法时只对modCount执行了加1操作,无法对ArrayList的内部类Itr的成员变量expectedModCount进行操作
所以执行checkForComodification()才会报ConcurrentModificationException异常。因此不能在for in 循环中执行remove()方法。
3.使用迭代器Itr的remove()方法可以保持modCount和expectedModCount一致
迭代器Itr每执行一次remove()都会将modCount赋值给expectedModCount(清单7,第10行)
结论:
要在循环中对集合执行add()或remove()操作,要放到迭代器中,如清单8
add()方法同理
清单 9.Iterator中remove()
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("1");
list.add("2");
list.add(null);
ListIterator<String> iterator = list.listIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
String item = iterator.next();
iterator.add("3");
if ("2".equals(item)) {
iterator.remove();
}
}