摘自百度百科-RSA：

RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。在公开密钥加密和电子商业中RSA被广泛使用。 RSA是1977年由罗纳德·李维斯特（Ron Rivest）、阿迪·萨莫尔（Adi Shamir）和伦纳德·阿德曼（Leonard Adleman）一起提出的。当时他们三人都在麻省理工学院工作。RSA就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的。
在公开密钥密码体制中，加密密钥（即公开密钥）PK是公开信息，而解密密钥（即秘密密钥）SK是需要保密的。加密算法E和解密算法D也都是公开的。虽然解密密钥SK是由公开密钥PK决定的，但却不能根据PK计算出SK。
正是基于这种理论，1978年出现了著名的RSA算法，它通常是先生成一对RSA 密钥，其中之一是保密密钥，由用户保存；另一个为公开密钥，可对外公开，甚至可在网络服务器中注册。为提高保密强度，RSA密钥至少为500位长，一般推荐使用1024位。这就使加密的计算量很大。为减少计算量，在传送信息时，常采用传统加密方法与公开密钥加密方法相结合的方式，即信息采用改进的DES或IDEA密钥加密，然后使用RSA密钥加密对话密钥和信息摘要。对方收到信息后，用不同的密钥解密并可核对信息摘要。

重点：为减少计算量，在传送信息时，常采用传统加密方法与公开密钥加密方法相结合的方式，即信息采用改进的DES或IDEA密钥加密，然后使用RSA密钥加密对话密钥和信息摘要。对方收到信息后，用不同的密钥解密并可核对信息摘要。

iOS中OpenSSL使用RSA

由于Mac系统内置OpenSSL(开源加密库),所以我们可以直接在终端上使用命令来玩RSA. OpenSSL中RSA算法常用指令主要有三个：

image.png

1、生成私钥/公钥

// 生成强度是 512 的 RSA 私钥
$ openssl genrsa -out private.pem 512

//从私钥中提取公钥
$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -out public.pem -outform PEM -pubout
// 或
$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -out public.pem -pubout

// 以明文输出私钥内容
$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -text -out private.txt

// 以明文输出公钥内容
$ openssl rsa -in public.pem -out public.txt -pubin -pubout -text

2、生成签名证书

上一步OpenSSL默认生成的都是PEM格式的证书，iOS中不能使用PEM格式的证书，需要转成二进制的 DER 格式的证书

// 1、生成csr证书请求文件（使用上一步中生成的私钥private.pem）
openssl req -new -key private.pem -out rsacert.csr
// 2、生成证书并签名（rsacert.crt证书），需要秘钥文件private.pem
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsacert.csr -signkey private.pem -out rsacert.crt
// 3、转换证书格式（rsacert.crt）——> 二进制证书（rsacert.der证书）
openssl x509 -outform der -in rsacert.crt -out rsacert.der
// 4、导出p12格式证书（需要用到私钥private.pem）
openssl pkcs12 -export -out p.p12 -inkey private.pem -in rsacert.crt

生成csr证书请求文件：

image.png

导出p12文件：

image.png

3、使用证书

RSAtool类的使用

 //1.加载公钥
    [[RSACryptor sharedRSACryptor] loadPublicKey:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"rsacert.der" ofType:nil]];
    //2.加载私钥
    [[RSACryptor sharedRSACryptor] loadPrivateKey: [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"p.p12" ofType:nil] password:@"123456"];


  NSData * result = [[RSACryptor sharedRSACryptor] encryptData:[@"hello" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
    //base64编码
    NSString * base64 = [result base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0];
    NSLog(@"加密之后:%@\n",base64);
    
    //解密
    NSData * dcStr = [[RSACryptor sharedRSACryptor] decryptData:result];
    NSLog(@"%@",[[NSString alloc] initWithData:dcStr encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);

资料图

2018053117022165.png

PS:来源：kangpp


RSACryptor.h

@interface RSACryptor : NSObject
    
+ (instancetype)sharedRSACryptor;
    
    /**
     *  生成密钥对
     *
     *  @param keySize 密钥尺寸，可选数值(512/1024/2048)
     */
- (void)generateKeyPair:(NSUInteger)keySize;
    
    /**
     *  加载公钥
     *
     *  @param publicKeyPath 公钥路径
     *
     @code
     # 生成证书
     $ openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024
     # 创建证书请求
     $ openssl req -new -key ca.key -out rsacert.csr
     # 生成证书并签名
     $ openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in rsacert.csr -signkey ca.key -out rsacert.crt
     # 转换格式
     $ openssl x509 -outform der -in rsacert.crt -out rsacert.der
     @endcode
     */
- (void)loadPublicKey:(NSString *)publicKeyPath;
    
    /**
     *  加载私钥
     *
     *  @param privateKeyPath p12文件路径
     *  @param password       p12文件密码
     *
     @code
     openssl pkcs12 -export -out p.p12 -inkey ca.key -in rsacert.crt
     @endcode
     */
- (void)loadPrivateKey:(NSString *)privateKeyPath password:(NSString *)password;
    
    /**
     *  加密数据
     *
     *  @param plainData 明文数据
     *
     *  @return 密文数据
     */
- (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)plainData;
    
    /**
     *  解密数据
     *
     *  @param cipherData 密文数据
     *
     *  @return 明文数据
     */
- (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)cipherData;
    
    @end

RSACryptor.m

#import "RSACryptor.h"

// 填充模式
#define kTypeOfWrapPadding        kSecPaddingPKCS1

// 公钥/私钥标签
#define kPublicKeyTag            "com.logic.EncryptDemo.publickey"
#define kPrivateKeyTag            "com.logic.EncryptDemo.privatekey"

static const uint8_t publicKeyIdentifier[]        = kPublicKeyTag;
static const uint8_t privateKeyIdentifier[]        = kPrivateKeyTag;

@interface RSACryptor() {
    SecKeyRef publicKeyRef;                             // 公钥引用
    SecKeyRef privateKeyRef;                            // 私钥引用
}
    
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSData *publicTag;        // 公钥标签
    @property (nonatomic, retain) NSData *privateTag;       // 私钥标签
    
    @end

@implementation RSACryptor
    
+ (instancetype)sharedRSACryptor {
    static id instance;
    
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        instance = [[self alloc] init];
    });
    return instance;
}
    
- (instancetype)init {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        // 查询密钥的标签
        _privateTag = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:privateKeyIdentifier length:sizeof(privateKeyIdentifier)];
        _publicTag = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:publicKeyIdentifier length:sizeof(publicKeyIdentifier)];
    }
    return self;
}
    
#pragma mark - 加密 & 解密数据
- (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)plainData {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    size_t cipherBufferSize = 0;
    size_t keyBufferSize = 0;
    
    NSAssert(plainData != nil, @"明文数据为空");
    NSAssert(publicKeyRef != nil, @"公钥为空");
    
    NSData *cipher = nil;
    uint8_t *cipherBuffer = NULL;
    
    // 计算缓冲区大小
    cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(publicKeyRef);
    keyBufferSize = [plainData length];
    
    if (kTypeOfWrapPadding == kSecPaddingNone) {
        NSAssert(keyBufferSize <= cipherBufferSize, @"加密内容太大");
    } else {
        NSAssert(keyBufferSize <= (cipherBufferSize - 11), @"加密内容太大");
    }
    
    // 分配缓冲区
    cipherBuffer = malloc(cipherBufferSize * sizeof(uint8_t));
    memset((void *)cipherBuffer, 0x0, cipherBufferSize);
    
    // 使用公钥加密
    sanityCheck = SecKeyEncrypt(publicKeyRef,
                                kTypeOfWrapPadding,
                                (const uint8_t *)[plainData bytes],
                                keyBufferSize,
                                cipherBuffer,
                                &cipherBufferSize
                                );
    
    NSAssert(sanityCheck == noErr, @"加密错误，OSStatus == %d", sanityCheck);
    
    // 生成密文数据
    cipher = [NSData dataWithBytes:(const void *)cipherBuffer length:(NSUInteger)cipherBufferSize];
    
    if (cipherBuffer) free(cipherBuffer);
    
    return cipher;
}
    
- (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)cipherData {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    size_t cipherBufferSize = 0;
    size_t keyBufferSize = 0;
    
    NSData *key = nil;
    uint8_t *keyBuffer = NULL;
    
    SecKeyRef privateKey = NULL;
    
    privateKey = [self getPrivateKeyRef];
    NSAssert(privateKey != NULL, @"私钥不存在");
    
    // 计算缓冲区大小
    cipherBufferSize = SecKeyGetBlockSize(privateKey);
    keyBufferSize = [cipherData length];
    
    NSAssert(keyBufferSize <= cipherBufferSize, @"解密内容太大");
    
    // 分配缓冲区
    keyBuffer = malloc(keyBufferSize * sizeof(uint8_t));
    memset((void *)keyBuffer, 0x0, keyBufferSize);
    
    // 使用私钥解密
    sanityCheck = SecKeyDecrypt(privateKey,
                                kTypeOfWrapPadding,
                                (const uint8_t *)[cipherData bytes],
                                cipherBufferSize,
                                keyBuffer,
                                &keyBufferSize
                                );
    
    NSAssert1(sanityCheck == noErr, @"解密错误，OSStatus == %d", sanityCheck);
    
    // 生成明文数据
    key = [NSData dataWithBytes:(const void *)keyBuffer length:(NSUInteger)keyBufferSize];
    
    if (keyBuffer) free(keyBuffer);
    
    return key;
}
    
#pragma mark - 密钥处理
    /**
     *  生成密钥对
     */
- (void)generateKeyPair:(NSUInteger)keySize {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    publicKeyRef = NULL;
    privateKeyRef = NULL;
    
    NSAssert1((keySize == 512 || keySize == 1024 || keySize == 2048), @"密钥尺寸无效 %tu", keySize);
    
    // 删除当前密钥对
    [self deleteAsymmetricKeys];
    
    // 容器字典
    NSMutableDictionary *privateKeyAttr = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    NSMutableDictionary *publicKeyAttr = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    NSMutableDictionary *keyPairAttr = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    
    // 设置密钥对的顶级字典
    [keyPairAttr setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    [keyPairAttr setObject:[NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:keySize] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeySizeInBits];
    
    // 设置私钥字典
    [privateKeyAttr setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrIsPermanent];
    [privateKeyAttr setObject:_privateTag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    
    // 设置公钥字典
    [publicKeyAttr setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrIsPermanent];
    [publicKeyAttr setObject:_publicTag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    
    // 设置顶级字典属性
    [keyPairAttr setObject:privateKeyAttr forKey:(__bridge id)kSecPrivateKeyAttrs];
    [keyPairAttr setObject:publicKeyAttr forKey:(__bridge id)kSecPublicKeyAttrs];
    
    // SecKeyGeneratePair 返回密钥对引用
    sanityCheck = SecKeyGeneratePair((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)keyPairAttr, &publicKeyRef, &privateKeyRef);
    NSAssert((sanityCheck == noErr && publicKeyRef != NULL && privateKeyRef != NULL), @"生成密钥对失败");
}
    
    /**
     *  加载公钥
     */
- (void)loadPublicKey:(NSString *)publicKeyPath {
    
    NSAssert(publicKeyPath.length != 0, @"公钥路径为空");
    
    // 删除当前公钥
    if (publicKeyRef) CFRelease(publicKeyRef);
    
    // 从一个 DER 表示的证书创建一个证书对象
    NSData *certificateData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:publicKeyPath];
    SecCertificateRef certificateRef = SecCertificateCreateWithData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (__bridge CFDataRef)certificateData);
    NSAssert(certificateRef != NULL, @"公钥文件错误");
    
    // 返回一个默认 X509 策略的公钥对象，使用之后需要调用 CFRelease 释放
    SecPolicyRef policyRef = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();
    // 包含信任管理信息的结构体
    SecTrustRef trustRef;
    
    // 基于证书和策略创建一个信任管理对象
    OSStatus status = SecTrustCreateWithCertificates(certificateRef, policyRef, &trustRef);
    NSAssert(status == errSecSuccess, @"创建信任管理对象失败");
    
    // 信任结果
    SecTrustResultType trustResult;
    // 评估指定证书和策略的信任管理是否有效
    status = SecTrustEvaluate(trustRef, &trustResult);
    NSAssert(status == errSecSuccess, @"信任评估失败");
    
    // 评估之后返回公钥子证书
    publicKeyRef = SecTrustCopyPublicKey(trustRef);
    NSAssert(publicKeyRef != NULL, @"公钥创建失败");
    
    if (certificateRef) CFRelease(certificateRef);
    if (policyRef) CFRelease(policyRef);
    if (trustRef) CFRelease(trustRef);
}
    
    /**
     *  加载私钥
     */
- (void)loadPrivateKey:(NSString *)privateKeyPath password:(NSString *)password {
    
    NSAssert(privateKeyPath.length != 0, @"私钥路径为空");
    
    // 删除当前私钥
    if (privateKeyRef) CFRelease(privateKeyRef);
    
    NSData *PKCS12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:privateKeyPath];
    CFDataRef inPKCS12Data = (__bridge CFDataRef)PKCS12Data;
    CFStringRef passwordRef = (__bridge CFStringRef)password;
    
    // 从 PKCS #12 证书中提取标示和证书
    SecIdentityRef myIdentity;
    SecTrustRef myTrust;
    const void *keys[] =   {kSecImportExportPassphrase};
    const void *values[] = {passwordRef};
    CFDictionaryRef optionsDictionary = CFDictionaryCreate(NULL, keys, values, 1, NULL, NULL);
    CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
    
    // 返回 PKCS #12 格式数据中的标示和证书
    OSStatus status = SecPKCS12Import(inPKCS12Data, optionsDictionary, &items);
    
    if (status == noErr) {
        CFDictionaryRef myIdentityAndTrust = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);
        myIdentity = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(myIdentityAndTrust, kSecImportItemIdentity);
        myTrust = (SecTrustRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(myIdentityAndTrust, kSecImportItemTrust);
    }
    
    if (optionsDictionary) CFRelease(optionsDictionary);
    
    NSAssert(status == noErr, @"提取身份和信任失败");
    
    SecTrustResultType trustResult;
    // 评估指定证书和策略的信任管理是否有效
    status = SecTrustEvaluate(myTrust, &trustResult);
    NSAssert(status == errSecSuccess, @"信任评估失败");
    
    // 提取私钥
    status = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(myIdentity, &privateKeyRef);
    NSAssert(status == errSecSuccess, @"私钥创建失败");
}
    
    /**
     *  删除非对称密钥
     */
- (void)deleteAsymmetricKeys {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    NSMutableDictionary *queryPublicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    NSMutableDictionary *queryPrivateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
    
    // 设置公钥查询字典
    [queryPublicKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [queryPublicKey setObject:_publicTag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    [queryPublicKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    // 设置私钥查询字典
    [queryPrivateKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
    [queryPrivateKey setObject:_privateTag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
    [queryPrivateKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
    
    // 删除私钥
    sanityCheck = SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)queryPrivateKey);
    NSAssert1((sanityCheck == noErr || sanityCheck == errSecItemNotFound), @"删除私钥错误，OSStatus == %d", sanityCheck);
    
    // 删除公钥
    sanityCheck = SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)queryPublicKey);
    NSAssert1((sanityCheck == noErr || sanityCheck == errSecItemNotFound), @"删除公钥错误，OSStatus == %d", sanityCheck);
    
    if (publicKeyRef) CFRelease(publicKeyRef);
    if (privateKeyRef) CFRelease(privateKeyRef);
}
    
    /**
     *  获得私钥引用
     */
- (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRef {
    OSStatus sanityCheck = noErr;
    SecKeyRef privateKeyReference = NULL;
    
    if (privateKeyRef == NULL) {
        NSMutableDictionary * queryPrivateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
        
        // 设置私钥查询字典
        [queryPrivateKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];
        [queryPrivateKey setObject:_privateTag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];
        [queryPrivateKey setObject:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];
        [queryPrivateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];
        
        // 获得密钥
        sanityCheck = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)queryPrivateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&privateKeyReference);
        
        if (sanityCheck != noErr) {
            privateKeyReference = NULL;
        }
    } else {
        privateKeyReference = privateKeyRef;
    }
    
    return privateKeyReference;
}
    
 @end

iOS逆向与安全1.0 :RSA加密

iOS逆向与安全1.0 :RSA加密

摘自百度百科-RSA：

iOS中OpenSSL使用RSA

1、生成私钥/公钥

2、生成签名证书

3、使用证书

资料图