以后分析、解决问题要分这三步：what(是什么)，why(为什么），how(肿么办)
下面我们来看看怎么来做！
一、what：什么是定语从句？
在复合句中（在一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构），限定某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
1.在汉语中：
1.1 修饰名词的定语
李嘉媛，一个刻苦学习的女孩，一年以后将成为一中的白富美！
“一个刻苦学习的女孩”修饰名词“李嘉媛”，所以“一个刻苦学习的女孩”是名词“李嘉媛”的定语。
1.2 修饰代词的定语
她，一个漂亮的女孩，成绩总是那么好！（“一个漂亮的女孩”修饰人称代词“她”，所以“一个漂亮的女孩”是定语）
2.在英语中，看看以下两个例子，也是修饰名词或代词，加粗的句子是定语从句：
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
（定语从句修饰名词“the man”）
2) You must do everything that I do.
(定语从句修饰不定代词everything)
二、what(什么是先行词)
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
三、what(定语从句是哪一部分)
关系代词+关系代词后面单词，例如：
who lives next to us is a policeman
四、what(引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有哪些)
* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
how(我该怎么样才能一次记住它们？)
五、what（关系词的作用）
* 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分，其实结合实例来记，可以合并从两个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 在定语从句中担当一个成分。对着下面的句子来一次记住这两个功能：
You must do everything that I do.
下面来具体地学习各种定语从句，在学习的过程中问自己三个问题：
what(先行词是人还是物？应该对照图该选择什么关系词)
why(为什么用这个关系词？先行词是人还是物，在从句中做什么成分，从而确定关系词在句中做做什么成分，进而确定是选择主格、宾格还是所有格，怎么更有逻辑地来判断？)
how(关系词是怎样在从句中做成分的？)
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
* 1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
* 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.
* 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
* 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
* 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况（不必死记，只需对照中考题能说出规则即 可）：
* 1） 当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？
All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。
* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food .
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing .
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。例如：
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
* 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况：
* 1) 关系代词前有介词时；
e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.
* 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.
He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.
* 3) 先行词本身是that时；
e.g. The clock is that which tells the time
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
（非限)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
* 4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
* 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
* 1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
The days when we used foreign oil are gone. 我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。
The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"that I always remember in all my life"的宾语，that可以省略)
* 2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
This is the room where (＝in which) I lived last year. 这就是我去年住过的房间。
Is this the classroom where(=in which) the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？
Let's look for a place where we can swim. 咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。
The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital. 正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句"that is being built over there"的主语)
That is the factory (that) they visited last month. 那就是他们上个月参观过
的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句"(that) they visited last month"的宾语，that可以省略)
* 注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如：Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)
I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)
He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts. 他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)
He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)
That’s the reason (that /which ) he explained to us. 那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)
That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)
* 英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。
如不说 This is the way how he spoke，
可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，
当然也可说成 This is the way (that/ in which) he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)
* 另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.
星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。
He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.
他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。
* 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who is elected?
Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident .
2016年全国中考英语试题专题练习：定语从句
一、选择题
1、— What are you looking for?
— I’m looking for the ring ________ my husband bought me last year．
A．who B．that C．what
对每一题问上文中的三个问题，就可以百分之百地把中考定语从句的分数全部得到。
2、—Have you found the information about famous scientists _____ you can use for the report?
—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. where B. which C. what D. who
3、 Mr. Chen is a teacher ________ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable.
A. which B. when C. who D. what
4 —Which invention do you like best?
—QQ. It is an invention ____________ can help us communicate with others online freely.
A. what B. that C. who
5、This is the room in _______ I lived last year.
A. which B. that C. where D. \
6、—Shakespeare( 莎士比亚 ）is a great writer ______ is considered as a genius ( 天才 ）
—I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much.
A. when B. who C.which
7、— I’d like to read some Chinese classics. Any suggestion?
— Journey to the West. It’s a book ________ is about Monkey King.
A. what B. who C. that
8、Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience
people cannot get at home.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
9、The earth is the planet _______ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.
A. who B. that C. where
10、— What are you doing, Tim?
— I am listening to the song Long Live _______ makes me feel excited.
A．which B．who C．/
11、Studying in groups is a popular way ______ can develop students’ ability．
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
12、Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place ______ we’ll visit next week.
A．that B．who C．where D．whom
13、Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ______comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
14、—Which song do you like better, Maria?
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth_______ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which B. who Cwhom D. where
15、Is that the girl with______ you discussed the problem yesterday afternoon
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
16、— Have you seen the photos ____ I took on my trip?
— Yes, I have. They are fantastic.
A. that B. who C. what D. whom
17、I can’t find the book about famous sportsmen ____ I borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
18、She came up with an idea ______ interested all her friends.
A. which B. who C. what D. it
19、—Is that all?
—Yes. That’s all _____ I want to take.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
20、We all like the teachers_______class is interesting and creative(有创造性的)．
A．which B．whose C．who D．that
21、I don’t know the teacher ________ is talking with Miss Wang．
A．what B．whom C．which D．who
22、I like the places ________ the weather is warm.
A. that B. where C. which
23、 Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree ?
A. what B. which C. who
24、I don’t like stories ___________ have unhappy endings．
A．who B．that C．where D．those
25、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
26、_________ wants to go to the park this weekend, raise your hands, please.
A. Anyone who B. Those who C. Anyone D. Who
27、We used to study in the old building_______ was broken down last year.
A. which B. where C. what
28、I don’t remember the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put
C. where I putted D. where I did put
29、This is the best hotel in the city______ I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
30、---Have you found the information about famous people ________ you can use for the report?
---Not yet. I’ll search for some on the Internet.
A. which B.who C. what D. whom
31、 Peter, tell me the result of the discussions________ you had with your partner
A. what B. which C. who
32、–I don’t know your brother.
-Oh. The man _______came to see me yesterday is my brother.
A. who B. whose C. where D. whom
33、A friend is someone ______ fills our lives with beauty, joy and grace, and makes the world we live in a better and happier place.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
34、—Do you know that woman?
—Yes. She is the woman _____ saved the old man’s life.
A.who B.which C.whose D.where
35、The TV play is about a true story _______ happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it B. what C. that D. when
36、--- Do you know the boy________ is sitting next to Peter?
--- Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday.
A. who; ninth B. that; nineth C. /; nineth D. which; ninth
37、Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the report?
Not yet. I’ll search some on the internet.
A. that B. who C. what D. whom
参考答案
一、选择题
1、B
2、B
3、C
4、B
5、A
6、B
7、C
8、A
9、B
10、A
11、A
12、A
13、A
14、A
15、C
16、A
17、B
18、A
19、B 考查定语从句。which, that的先行词都可为物，但当先行词是all，anything等不定代词时，关系词用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。
20、B
21、D
22、B
23、C
24、B
25、A
26、A
27、A
28、A
29、C
30、A
31、B
32、A
33、B
34、A 考查定语从句，先行词the woman指人，从句缺主语，故用who作引导词。故选A。
35、C
36、A
37、A
