Nodejs使用ShellJS操作目录文件
安装
npm install [-g] shelljs
示例
var shell = require('shelljs');
if (!shell.which('git')) {
shell.echo('Sorry, this script requires git');
shell.exit(1);
}
// 复制文件到输出目录
shell.rm('-rf', 'out/Release');//删除
shell.cp('-R', 'stuff/', 'out/Release');//复制
// 目录切换
shell.cd('lib');//切到某录
shell.cd('..');//切到上级
//内容替换
// Replace macros in each .js file
shell.ls('*.js').forEach(function (file) {
shell.sed('-i', 'BUILD_VERSION', 'v0.1.2', file);
shell.sed('-i', /^.*REMOVE_THIS_LINE.*$/, '', file);
shell.sed('-i', /.*REPLACE_LINE_WITH_MACRO.*\n/, shell.cat('macro.js'), file);
});
// 异步运行扩展工具
if (shell.exec('git commit -am "Auto-commit"').code !== 0) {
shell.echo('Error: Git commit failed');//输出内容
shell.exit(1);//退出
}
接口
cat(file [, file ...])
cat(file_array)
查看内容
Examples:
var str = cat('file*.txt');
var str = cat('file1', 'file2');
var str = cat(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
Returns a string containing the given file, or a concatenated string
containing the files if more than one file is given (a new line character is
introduced between each file).
cd([dir])
切换目录
Changes to directory dir for the duration of the script. Changes to home directory if no argument is supplied.
修改权限
chmod([options,] octal_mode || octal_string, file)
chmod([options,] symbolic_mode, file)
Available options:
-
-v: output a diagnostic for every file processed -
-c: like verbose but report only when a change is made -
-R: change files and directories recursively
Examples:
chmod(755, '/Users/brandon');
chmod('755', '/Users/brandon'); // same as above
chmod('u+x', '/Users/brandon');
chmod('-R', 'a-w', '/Users/brandon');
Alters the permissions of a file or directory by either specifying the
absolute permissions in octal form or expressing the changes in symbols.
This command tries to mimic the POSIX behavior as much as possible.
Notable exceptions:
- In symbolic modes, 'a-r' and '-r' are identical. No consideration is
given to the umask. - There is no "quiet" option since default behavior is to run silent.
cp([options,] source [, source ...], dest)
cp([options,] source_array, dest)
复制
Available options:
-
-f: force (default behavior) -
-n: no-clobber -
-u: only copy if source is newer than dest -
-r,-R: recursive -
-L: follow symlinks -
-P: don't follow symlinks
Examples:
cp('file1', 'dir1');
cp('-R', 'path/to/dir/', '~/newCopy/');
cp('-Rf', '/tmp/*', '/usr/local/*', '/home/tmp');
cp('-Rf', ['/tmp/*', '/usr/local/*'], '/home/tmp'); // same as above
Copies files.
pushd([options,] [dir | '-N' | '+N'])
Available options:
-
-n: Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
Arguments:
-
dir: Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then executes the equivalent ofcd dir. -
+N: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the stack. -
-N: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the stack.
Examples:
// process.cwd() === '/usr'
pushd('/etc'); // Returns /etc /usr
pushd('+1'); // Returns /usr /etc
Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack and then cd to dir. With no arguments, pushd exchanges the top two directories. Returns an array of paths in the stack.
popd([options,] ['-N' | '+N'])
Available options:
-
-n: Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
Arguments:
-
+N: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs), starting with zero. -
-N: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs), starting with zero.
Examples:
echo(process.cwd()); // '/usr'
pushd('/etc'); // '/etc /usr'
echo(process.cwd()); // '/etc'
popd(); // '/usr'
echo(process.cwd()); // '/usr'
When no arguments are given, popd removes the top directory from the stack and performs a cd to the new top directory. The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with dirs; i.e., popd is equivalent to popd +0. Returns an array of paths in the stack.
dirs([options | '+N' | '-N'])
Available options:
-
-c: Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
Arguments:
-
+N: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting with zero. -
-N: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting with zero.
Display the list of currently remembered directories. Returns an array of paths in the stack, or a single path if +N or -N was specified.
See also: pushd, popd
echo([options,] string [, string ...])
Available options:
-
-e: interpret backslash escapes (default)
Examples:
echo('hello world');
var str = echo('hello world');
Prints string to stdout, and returns string with additional utility methods
like .to().
exec(command [, options] [, callback])
Available options (all false by default):
-
async: Asynchronous execution. If a callback is provided, it will be set to
true, regardless of the passed value. -
silent: Do not echo program output to console. - and any option available to Node.js's
child_process.exec()
Examples:
var version = exec('node --version', {silent:true}).stdout;
var child = exec('some_long_running_process', {async:true});
child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
/* ... do something with data ... */
});
exec('some_long_running_process', function(code, stdout, stderr) {
console.log('Exit code:', code);
console.log('Program output:', stdout);
console.log('Program stderr:', stderr);
});
Executes the given command synchronously, unless otherwise specified. When in synchronous
mode, this returns a ShellString (compatible with ShellJS v0.6.x, which returns an object
of the form { code:..., stdout:... , stderr:... }). Otherwise, this returns the child process
object, and the callback gets the arguments (code, stdout, stderr).
Not seeing the behavior you want? exec() runs everything through sh
by default (or cmd.exe on Windows), which differs from bash. If you
need bash-specific behavior, try out the {shell: 'path/to/bash'} option.
Note: For long-lived processes, it's best to run exec() asynchronously as
the current synchronous implementation uses a lot of CPU. This should be getting
fixed soon.
find(path [, path ...])
find(path_array)
查找文件
Examples:
find('src', 'lib');
find(['src', 'lib']); // same as above
find('.').filter(function(file) { return file.match(/\.js$/); });
Returns array of all files (however deep) in the given paths.
The main difference from ls('-R', path) is that the resulting file names
include the base directories, e.g. lib/resources/file1 instead of just file1.
grep([options,] regex_filter, file [, file ...])
grep([options,] regex_filter, file_array)
查找内容
Available options:
-
-v: Inverse the sense of the regex and print the lines not matching the criteria. -
-l: Print only filenames of matching files
Examples:
grep('-v', 'GLOBAL_VARIABLE', '*.js');
grep('GLOBAL_VARIABLE', '*.js');
Reads input string from given files and returns a string containing all lines of the
file that match the given regex_filter.
head([{'-n': <num>},] file [, file ...])
head([{'-n': <num>},] file_array)
Available options:
显示内容
-
-n <num>: Show the first<num>lines of the files
Examples:
var str = head({'-n': 1}, 'file*.txt');
var str = head('file1', 'file2');
var str = head(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
Read the start of a file.
ln([options,] source, dest)
Available options:
创软链接
-
-s: symlink -
-f: force
Examples:
ln('file', 'newlink');
ln('-sf', 'file', 'existing');
Links source to dest. Use -f to force the link, should dest already exist.
ls([options,] [path, ...])
ls([options,] path_array)
查看目录
Available options:
-
-R: recursive -
-A: all files (include files beginning with., except for.and..) -
-L: follow symlinks -
-d: list directories themselves, not their contents -
-l: list objects representing each file, each with fields containingls -loutput fields. See
fs.Stats
for more info
Examples:
ls('projs/*.js');
ls('-R', '/users/me', '/tmp');
ls('-R', ['/users/me', '/tmp']); // same as above
ls('-l', 'file.txt'); // { name: 'file.txt', mode: 33188, nlink: 1, ...}
Returns array of files in the given path, or in current directory if no path provided.
mkdir([options,] dir [, dir ...])
mkdir([options,] dir_array)
创建目录
Available options:
-
-p: full path (will create intermediate dirs if necessary)
Examples:
mkdir('-p', '/tmp/a/b/c/d', '/tmp/e/f/g');
mkdir('-p', ['/tmp/a/b/c/d', '/tmp/e/f/g']); // same as above
Creates directories.
mv([options ,] source [, source ...], dest')
mv([options ,] source_array, dest')
移动
Available options:
-
-f: force (default behavior) -
-n: no-clobber
Examples:
mv('-n', 'file', 'dir/');
mv('file1', 'file2', 'dir/');
mv(['file1', 'file2'], 'dir/'); // same as above
Moves files.
pwd()
查看当前目录
Returns the current directory.
rm([options,] file [, file ...])
rm([options,] file_array)
删除文件/目录
Available options:
-
-f: force -
-r, -R: recursive
Examples:
rm('-rf', '/tmp/*');
rm('some_file.txt', 'another_file.txt');
rm(['some_file.txt', 'another_file.txt']); // same as above
Removes files.
sed([options,] search_regex, replacement, file [, file ...])
sed([options,] search_regex, replacement, file_array)
替换内容
Available options:
-
-i: Replace contents of 'file' in-place. Note that no backups will be created!
Examples:
sed('-i', 'PROGRAM_VERSION', 'v0.1.3', 'source.js');
sed(/.*DELETE_THIS_LINE.*\n/, '', 'source.js');
Reads an input string from files and performs a JavaScript replace() on the input
using the given search regex and replacement string or function. Returns the new string after replacement.
Note:
Like unix sed, ShellJS sed supports capture groups. Capture groups are specified
using the $n syntax:
sed(/(\w+)\s(\w+)/, '$2, $1', 'file.txt');
set(options)
环境变量设置
Available options:
-
+/-e: exit upon error (config.fatal) -
+/-v: verbose: show all commands (config.verbose) -
+/-f: disable filename expansion (globbing)
Examples:
set('-e'); // exit upon first error
set('+e'); // this undoes a "set('-e')"
Sets global configuration variables
sort([options,] file [, file ...])
sort([options,] file_array)
内容排序
Available options:
-
-r: Reverse the result of comparisons -
-n: Compare according to numerical value
Examples:
sort('foo.txt', 'bar.txt');
sort('-r', 'foo.txt');
Return the contents of the files, sorted line-by-line. Sorting multiple
files mixes their content, just like unix sort does.
tail([{'-n': <num>},] file [, file ...])
tail([{'-n': <num>},] file_array)
Available options:
-
-n <num>: Show the last<num>lines of the files
Examples:
查看内容
var str = tail({'-n': 1}, 'file*.txt');
var str = tail('file1', 'file2');
var str = tail(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
Read the end of a file.
tempdir()
Examples:
var tmp = tempdir(); // "/tmp" for most *nix platforms
Searches and returns string containing a writeable, platform-dependent temporary directory.
Follows Python's tempfile algorithm.
test(expression)
文件类型判断
Available expression primaries:
-
'-b', 'path': true if path is a block device -
'-c', 'path': true if path is a character device -
'-d', 'path': true if path is a directory -
'-e', 'path': true if path exists -
'-f', 'path': true if path is a regular file -
'-L', 'path': true if path is a symbolic link -
'-p', 'path': true if path is a pipe (FIFO) -
'-S', 'path': true if path is a socket
Examples:
if (test('-d', path)) { /* do something with dir */ };
if (!test('-f', path)) continue; // skip if it's a regular file
Evaluates expression using the available primaries and returns corresponding value.
ShellString.prototype.to(file)
输出内容到某文件-覆盖
Examples:
cat('input.txt').to('output.txt');
Analogous to the redirection operator > in Unix, but works with
ShellStrings (such as those returned by cat, grep, etc). Like Unix
redirections, to() will overwrite any existing file!
ShellString.prototype.toEnd(file)
输出内容到某文件-追加
Examples:
cat('input.txt').toEnd('output.txt');
Analogous to the redirect-and-append operator >> in Unix, but works with
ShellStrings (such as those returned by cat, grep, etc).
touch([options,] file [, file ...])
touch([options,] file_array)
创建文件
Available options:
-
-a: Change only the access time -
-c: Do not create any files -
-m: Change only the modification time -
-d DATE: Parse DATE and use it instead of current time -
-r FILE: Use FILE's times instead of current time
Examples:
touch('source.js');
touch('-c', '/path/to/some/dir/source.js');
touch({ '-r': FILE }, '/path/to/some/dir/source.js');
Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c is supplied.
This is a partial implementation of touch(1).
uniq([options,] [input, [output]])
Available options:
-
-i: Ignore case while comparing -
-c: Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -
-d: Only print duplicate lines, one for each group of identical lines
Examples:
uniq('foo.txt');
uniq('-i', 'foo.txt');
uniq('-cd', 'foo.txt', 'bar.txt');
Filter adjacent matching lines from input
which(command)
执行命令
Examples:
var nodeExec = which('node');
Searches for command in the system's PATH. On Windows, this uses the
PATHEXT variable to append the extension if it's not already executable.
Returns string containing the absolute path to the command.
exit(code)
退出进程
Exits the current process with the given exit code.
error()
Tests if error occurred in the last command. Returns a truthy value if an
error returned and a falsy value otherwise.
Note: do not rely on the
return value to be an error message. If you need the last error message, use
the .stderr attribute from the last command's return value instead.
ShellString(str)
Examples:
var foo = ShellString('hello world');
Turns a regular string into a string-like object similar to what each
command returns. This has special methods, like .to() and .toEnd()
env['VAR_NAME']
获取/设置变量
Object containing environment variables (both getter and setter). Shortcut
to process.env.
Pipes
管道
Examples:
grep('foo', 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt').sed(/o/g, 'a').to('output.txt');
echo('files with o\'s in the name:\n' + ls().grep('o'));
cat('test.js').exec('node'); // pipe to exec() call
Commands can send their output to another command in a pipe-like fashion.
sed, grep, cat, exec, to, and toEnd can appear on the right-hand
side of a pipe. Pipes can be chained.
Configuration
config.silent
Example:
var sh = require('shelljs');
var silentState = sh.config.silent; // save old silent state
sh.config.silent = true;
/* ... */
sh.config.silent = silentState; // restore old silent state
Suppresses all command output if true, except for echo() calls.
Default is false.
config.fatal
Example:
require('shelljs/global');
config.fatal = true; // or set('-e');
cp('this_file_does_not_exist', '/dev/null'); // throws Error here
/* more commands... */
If true the script will throw a Javascript error when any shell.js
command encounters an error. Default is false. This is analogous to
Bash's set -e
config.verbose
Example:
config.verbose = true; // or set('-v');
cd('dir/');
rm('-rf', 'foo.txt', 'bar.txt');
exec('echo hello');
Will print each command as follows:
cd dir/
rm -rf foo.txt bar.txt
exec echo hello
config.globOptions
Example:
config.globOptions = {nodir: true};
Use this value for calls to glob.sync() instead of the default options.
config.reset()
重置全局设置
Example:
var shell = require('shelljs');
// Make changes to shell.config, and do stuff...
/* ... */
shell.config.reset(); // reset to original state
// Do more stuff, but with original settings
/* ... */
Reset shell.config to the defaults:
{
fatal: false,
globOptions: {},
maxdepth: 255,
noglob: false,
silent: false,
verbose: false,
}
