英语每日学（3.11）
这篇文章要从一首歌开始，来自王菲的《红豆》。
可是我 有时候
宁愿选择留恋不放手
等到风景都看透
也许你会陪我 看细水长流
正如歌中所唱，如果你想让他/她陪你看细水长流，你得先把风景都看透。
如何把“风景”都“看"透，你就要好好读这篇文章了。
首先来说说 SEE
See is what your eyes do.
However, this word has loads of meanings: you can see a shrink, which means you're consulting a psychiatrist; or you can be seeing your high school sweetheart, which means you're dating him.（这里需要说明一下，shrink有一个非正式的幽默用法，指的是精神科医生psychiatrist）
See usually means passively observing, while look, which is also something you do with your eyes, is more active and intentional. （see和look在这里有了第一个差别，see通常是被动的，而look则更加主动）
When someone says, "The president will see you now," the president is sitting there passively, waiting for you to be shown in. You can say "I see," to mean "I understand; I get it." Or you can look into your crystal ball and see into the future, in which case you'd be called a seer（seer的意思是预言家）.
我们都知道，中文里的 “看书”不说see a book，要说read a book。不过，如果你只是看一眼而已就可以用see了。
Could I see your book for a second? 我可以看你那本书一眼吗？
如果某件事是一个变化的或者动态的过程，比如“看电视”和“看比赛”，你不能说see TV或see a football game，而要说watch TV 与 watch a football game。
这可能是因为电视镜头变换频繁，比赛更是瞬息万变，而see则是看比较固定的东西。watch可以表示对一个过程“观看一段时间”，这个含义用于一天到晚轮番上节目的电视就比较合适。但如果是特定的一个节目，有头有尾看了，就不用watch而用see。
因此，看电影用see，看电视则用watch，如果你看的是电视当中的一个特定节目，或是球赛中一个特定环节，由于过程变化减弱，也可以用see甚至只能用see。
请看下面的例句
Have you ever seen (watched) Chaplin's The Great Dictator? 你看过卓别林的《大独裁者》吗？
Did you see(watch) the seven o'clock news last night? 昨晚七点钟的新闻电视你看了吗？
I saw (watched) England's defeat. 我看见了英格兰队被打败。
如果前后文或语境暗示了你看的是电视上特定的一小段，而不是笼统的指看电视，仍然用see而不是watch，而且television或TV前有the。
I've seen the television.这件事我在电视上看见了（指谈话双方都知道的某一特定电视节目或镜头）。
但是如果说明了是电视上的一部片子，仍然以watch更好。
watch a mystery movie on TV.在电视上看一部侦探片。
see 除了最普通的“看见”之外，还有一个释义是“留心、留神、设法办到”。
如果是这个释义，通常是see that...或者see to it that...的结构，that后面的从句时态按情况用一般现在时或一般过去时。
See to it that everything is ready by 5 p.m.
你要把一切在下午五点以前办好。
I'll finish by Friday.
See to it that you do.
我星期五以前办完。
那你就设法做到吧。
We took care of his wounds and saw to it that he got home.
我们给他照料了伤口，设法把他送了回家。
see to it that...来自see to something，是“照料”、“负责”、“管”的意思，因此see to后面接上名词也有“照料”的意思。
如果你觉得别人碍手碍脚，可以说：
Don't you worry about that. I'll see to that. 您就别操这个心了。我来管。
如果你想吐槽自己太忙，可以说
I'm too busy to see to everything myself. 我样样事情都要管，忙不过来。
当遇到see that...的形式时，很容易误解see是无意识的“看见”（其实是有意识的“设法做到”），看这样两个例句：
He would have to see that something was done about this situation. 他只好想办法来收拾当前的局面。
See that the curtains are closed. 注意把窗帘都拉上（不是“看看窗帘都拉上了”）。
如果的女朋友正在犹豫要不要向你提一个要求，你可以告诉她：
Just tell us what you want and we will see that your wishes are carried out. 你想要什么只管说，我们一定设法让你的愿望能实现。
see about sth. 这个短语的意思是“安排，着手处理”
I'd better see about dinner.我还是去准备晚饭吧。
see的主语可以某一时间点或时段，或是某一地点，表示该时或该地发生什么事。 这个小词在写作中用好了也会出彩,是一种拟人化的修辞手法
Yesterday saw the resignation of the acting Interior Minister. 代内政部长昨天辞职了。
A US military spokesman said the past week had seen the highest number of car bombs and roadside bombs in Baghdad this year. 一位美国军方发言人说，上周巴格达发生的汽车炸弹和路边炸弹事件，数目是今年以来最高的。
see表示“看见”，本来是人的一种不自主的感觉活动，因此通常不能用进行时。但如果是自主的行动就可以有进行时态：
比如
- 因公事“会见”
The director is seeing the applicants this morning. 局长今天上午在同求职人面谈。
- “观光，参观”
They are seeing the sights. 他们在参观景物。 - see about（“安排，设法弄到”）。
They are seeing about a work permit for you. 他们正在设法给你弄一张工作许可证。 - see to（“处理，修理”）。
The plumber is seeing to the leak in our tank. 管道工正在处理我们水箱的漏水问题。 - see somebody + 目的地或方向（“陪送到某处”）。
see somebody out送某人出门口
see somebody home送某人回家
see somebody off 给某人送行
He's seeing me to my bus. 他现在正在送我上公共汽车。
学会了see,还是不够的
再来说说look
The Old English word locian is the root of look, meaning "see, gaze, or spy."
When you look at something, you see it. Look can also describe how something appears, like when your dog looks sad, or something likely to happen, like a gray day that looks like rain.
As a noun, look describes someone's style of dress, like your brother, whose rock star look gets lots of compliments.(关于look的名词用法我们这里不再赘述)
当你自己向外look（眼睛向外看或者内心有某种见解）时，后面要加上介词成分：
- 如果加上介词成分后表示自己有意作出的行动，时态可以有现在或过去进行时，表示延续性。
He was looking at them angrily. 他怒气冲冲地盯着他们。
类似的look for找；look in on顺便串门访问；look into细察；look out for留神注意；look on（有意的动作）观看，都可以有现在或过去进行时。
- 如果加上介词成分后不是自己有意作出的行动，而只是内心的一种见解，时态就不用进行时。
look on（非有意动作）认为 ；look up to敬仰 ；look down on瞧不起。
- 给别人look自己的样子（相当于系动词，接近于seem）后面接上形容词或名词性质的表语，但不接介词成分。由于是状态而不是行动，时态不用进行时）。
Your father looks angry.
你父亲样子很生气。
You don't look your age.
你不像这个年龄。
He particularly wanted to look good to his boss in these final months.
他特别想要在这最后几个月给上司一个好印象。
I'm shortsighted, so I need them (= the glasses). But I know I look better（不是“看得更清楚”）without glasses. That's why I take them off a lot.
我近视眼，所以我要用眼镜。不过我知道我不戴眼镜样子好看些。所以我常常把眼镜摘下。
- look的主语如果是it，则表示“显出…的样子”，后面可以跟着as if或like（但是不能跟着that从句）。
It looks as if it's going to rain again. 看样子又要下雨了。
look和seem及appear意义差不多，但是在搭配上，seem和appear后面都可以接上to inf. 或是that从句，look却不可以，只能有look + 表语,以及上述It looks as if或It looks like的结构。
聊完see和look，再来聊聊风景
Spectacle、view、 sight、vision、scene、scenery
spectacle
A spectacle is something you can't believe you are seeing.
The word spectacle comes from the Latin spectaculum meaning "public show," an apt translation because a spectacle, like a public show, is something worth watching. A ballet is a spectacle, or an elaborate production worth watching. Often the word is used to describe something that has a particularly exciting visual element to it — like an acrobatic display or a magic trick. It's something you have to see to really appreciate.
这个词的复数 spectacles 的意思是“眼镜”；
spectacle 作名词的意思包括“风景、场面”，而且多用来形容壮丽奇特（especially something of a remarkable or impressive nature），让人大开眼界的景象或事件（an event or scene regarded in terms of its visual impact）。
Examples We were overwhelmed by the spectacle of the small village.
我们被那个小村庄里的壮美景色征服了。
Ten thousand people all dancing at the same time, what a spectacle!
一万人同时跳舞，真是个壮观的场面！
view
A view is a scene or vista that's visible from a certain point(从某一点).
If you think your hotel room has a view of the ocean, it'll be disappointing to open the blinds and discover your view of a Dumpster（大垃圾桶） instead.
The range of what you can see is also called your view.
When you're keeping an eye on kids at the beach, you try to keep them in your view.
As a verb, view means to watch. It might be hard for you to sit still while you view a really scary movie, or even to keep from screaming out loud.
bird's-eye view这个表达的中文是“鸟瞰”的意思。
从这个表达我们也可以看出 view 这个词的侧重点是从某个较高的地点看到的美景（beautiful things that can be seen from a particular place or a high place）。
This room has the best view of the garden. 这个房间能看到花园最好的景致。
vision
If you are getting your eyes checked, a doctor is checking on your vision — or your ability to see.（这里的vision指的是视力和视觉）
But if you have visions of unicorns（独角兽） romping over rainbows, that's a whole other issue that the eye doctor can't address.（这里的vision指的是一种“想象”和“幻觉”）
The noun vision describes how well you can see, but it can also refer to things you may see, but that aren't physically there.
Sometimes people claim to have religious visions of God, angels, the Virgin Mary, and so on. The word can also be used to describe something that is lovely: "The bride was a vision in white."
vision 这个词最常见的意思是“视力、视觉”，也就是眼睛看清楚事物的能力，如果有人说 I am losing my vision， 那意思就是“我的视力不行了”。
另外，这个词也多指“想象、幻觉”，并不是眼睛看到的，而是脑海中想象出来的。
如果这个词被用来形容某处的美景或者某个美人，那么这个景致或美人一定是“此景只应天上有”般的罕见。
This waterfall is quite a vision, I cannot even think of a word to describe it! 这个瀑布真是绝妙美景，我都无法用语言形容了！
现在把view和vision做一个比较。
view和vision两者的词义有时重合，但是view偏重客观外界的“景象”，vision则偏重人自己的视力和视野。
下面是几个例子：
an apartment with an ocean view 有海景的公寓房
a view over the lake湖景
to stand up to get a better view 站起来要看得更清楚些
The windows of her flat looked out on to a superb view of London. 从她公寓房的窗户往外看，伦敦的美景尽收眼底。
He had poor vision. 他的视力不好。
The curtain of reality normally blocks our vision
现实的帷幕，通常挡住我们的视线。
当然，sight也可以代替vision表示“视力”。
Her sight vision was miraculously restored. 她的视力奇迹般地恢复了。
现在我们来说说sight
sight
Your sight is your ability to see. If you're maneuvering through the house at midnight using your shins to locate the furniture, you'll appreciate your sight that much more. You could also turn a light on.
Sight has many different senses.
It can mean the range of your vision, as in when you freak out when your little puppy goes out of sight. You can "take in the sights," meaning you're seeing all the special attractions of a town (also known as sightseeing).
Sight can also be a verb, as when you sight a celebrity at your local taco stand, or when you sight your target using the sight on your gun, before you shoot.
sight 看到的不一定都是美景，而是指anything that is seen，如果想要用 sight 表示“风景”之意，那么就要把它变成复数形式 sights。
Reading e-books on smartphones is a common sight on the tube these days.
如今用智能手机看电子书在地铁里随处可见。
My sister showed me around the sights of the city.
我姐姐带我游览了城里的一些景点。
Scene
A scene is where something happens or happened. How did you know that the thief would return to the scene of the crime?
Scene can also describe part of a movie or a play. Did the last scene make you laugh, cry, or fall asleep?
There are lots of common phrases that use the word scene.
If you “make a scene,” you draw attention to yourself with some kind of outburst.
If something happens “behind the scenes,” the public doesn't know about it.
scenery
Scenery is a word for how a place looks, especially a beautiful, outdoorsy place. Also, scenery is fake background in a play.
If you go to a place with mountains, and beautiful trees, and gorgeous skies, then it's got great scenery.
Scenery is the stuff you can look at outside. If a place is plain, ugly, or desolate, you might say, "Not much scenery."
Also, painters and set designers create scenery for plays. In theater, scenery could represent anything: buildings, trees, or the inside of a house. If a play has a lot of different settings, then it needs a lot of scenery
scene指某个事件发生的场景，或者指“风景”，而 scenery 则是这几个词中最直接表达“风景”这个意思的，其核心意思就是“风景、景色”。
The police are searching the crime scene.
警方正在搜查犯罪现场。
The island has the most spectacular scenery in this region.
这个小岛拥有该地最美的景色。
好了，如果读到这里，祝福你真的可以把“风景”都“看”透，有人陪你看细水长流。
引用资料：vocabulary.com 《英语常用词疑难用法手册》
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