#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# python2 中定义普通字符将自动识别为unicode,要放到文件开头
from __future__ import unicode_literals
try:#python2
from UserDict import UserDict
#建议按照python3的名字进行import
from UserDict import DictMixin as MutableMapping
except ImportError:#python3
from collections import UserDict
from collections import MutableMapping
# 解析 ini
try:
import ConfigParser as configparser
except ImportError:
import configparser
# 打印某个变量的写法
print("ENDPOINT: {} ".format(ENDPOINT))
#报错： TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object
s = s.decode('utf8')
说明：
- 关于版本：2.6 版本太老，已被淘汰。2.7 属于过渡版本， 3.x 则属于未来。
- 3.6 的性能不错，同时还增加了原生的异步库 asyncio ，值得研究。
- 3.0 里面，把 print 改成了函数，要注意。
- http url lib 推荐使用 urllib 和 requests 。
- 升级版本
CentOS 6 自带 python 2.6，如果升级到 2.7，可能会引起某些系统组件依赖问题。
CentOS 6 安装 python 3.6, 对系统基本无影响，比升级到 python 2.7 ，对系统影响最小。
python=3.6.8
test -f Python-${python}.tar.xz || wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${python}/Python-${python}.tar.xz
tar Jxf Python-${python}.tar.xz
cd Python-${python}
EXTRATESTOPTS=--list-tests
./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local
make -j8
sudo make install
CentOS 7 的 epel 仓库，可以安装
yum install -y python36-devel python36-setuptools
easy_install-3.6 pip
ln -s /bin/python3.6 /bin/python3
- python 3 常用的库, 安装的目录在 /usr/local/lib/3.6
pip3 install -U httpie requests mongo redis psutil pymysql stomp.py python3-memcached virtualenv paramiko sh pycurl ipython pyyaml httpie mysqlclient pymemcache cx_Oracle
- 制作 RPM 包
APP=python36
VERSION=3.6.8
PREFIX=/usr/local
fpm -s dir -t rpm -n ${APP} -v ${VERSION} --epoch 0 --rpm-user=root \
-p ${APP}-${VERSION}.rpm \
$PREFIX/bin/2to3 $PREFIX/bin/idle3 $PREFIX/bin/pip3 $PREFIX/bin/pydoc3 \
$PREFIX/bin/python3 $PREFIX/bin/python3-config $PREFIX/bin/pyvenv \
$PREFIX/bin/*3.6 $PREFIX/include/python3.6m \
$PREFIX/lib/libpython3.6m.a $PREFIX/lib/python3.6 $PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/python-3*.pc \
$PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig/python3*.pc $PREFIX/share/man/man1/python3.*
8. CentOS 7 安装 python 3.10.4
注意：在 gcc 低版本(<8.1.0)下, ./configure 不能增加参数 --enable-optimizations，
否则会报 Could not import runpy module 错误，编译失败.
注意: 自带的openssl 1.0.2版本太低，需要安装epel 的 openssl11 版本，不安装的话编译后的python不支持 ssl 。
yum install epel-release
yum install gcc make zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel openssl11-devel
python=3.10.4
test -f Python-${python}.tar.xz || wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${python}/Python-${python}.tar.xz
tar Jxf Python-${python}.tar.xz
cd Python-${python}
sed -i 's/PKG_CONFIG openssl /PKG_CONFIG openssl11 /g' configure
./configure && make clean && make -j8 && sudo make altinstall
pip3.10 install requests
nfpm-python3.10.yml
---
name: "python3"
arch: "x86_64"
platform: "linux"
version: "3.10.4"
section: "default"
priority: "extra"
maintainer: "maintainer"
description: |
python3.
vendor: "vendor"
license: "MIT"
contents:
- src: /usr/local/bin/*3.10*
dst: /usr/local/bin/
- src: /usr/local/lib/python3.10/*
dst: /usr/local/lib/python3.10/
- src: /usr/local/lib/libpython3.10.a
dst: /usr/local/lib/libpython3.10.a
- src: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/python-3.10*
dst: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/
- src: /usr/local/include/python3.10/*
dst: /usr/local/include/python3.10/
- src: /usr/local/bin/python3.10
dst: /usr/local/bin/python3
type: symlink
replaces:
- python3-libs
- python3-pip
- python3-setuptools
depends:
- openssl-devel
- libffi-devel
- zlib-devel
- bzip2-devel
- ncurses-devel
- sqlite-devel
nfpm package -p rpm -f nfpm-python3.10.yml
yum install python3-3.10.4*.rpm
# CentOS 8 及以上安装 python 3.10.4
yum install openssl-devel guile
./configure --enable-optimizations && make clean && make -j8 && sudo make altinstall
pip3.10 install requests
参考：
