一.搭建yum私有仓库
[root@centos8 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos
[root@centos8 ~]# dnf reposync --repoid=extras --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/centos
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /var/www/html/centos/
extras
[root@centos8 ~]# tree /var/www/html/centos/
-bash: tree: command not found
[root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y install tree
**[root@centos8 ~]# tree /var/www/html/centos/**
**/var/www/html/centos/**
**└── extras**
**├── Packages**
**│** **├── centos-release-advanced-virtualization-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-ansible-29-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-ceph-nautilus-1.2-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-ceph-octopus-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-configmanagement-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-gluster6-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-gluster7-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-gluster8-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-messaging-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-nfs-ganesha28-1.0-3.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-nfs-ganesha30-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-nfv-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-nfv-extras-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-nfv-openvswitch-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-openstack-train-2-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-openstack-ussuri-1-4.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-openstack-victoria-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-opstools-1-10.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-ovirt44-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-qpid-proton-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-rabbitmq-38-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-samba411-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-samba412-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-samba413-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-storage-common-2-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-stream-8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8.x86_64.rpm**
**│** **├── centos-release-virt-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**│** **├── cpaste-1.0.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm**
**│** **├── elrepo-release-8.1-1.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm**
**│** **└── epel-release-8-8.el8.noarch.rpm**
**└── repodata**
**├── 01c7718fa7c41b4c1b9a74c3d0f322545b80d51f9cfa67f70e3a634091cd5a6b-primary.xml.gz**
**├── 230289bdb8f1ef53b5db2bba2fadfd90ab2d8044cb8ca6177e6ee7e96e15ff41-other.xml.gz**
**├── 759cd358128b1bcd7f03f3e465a13daffff01073a2189f891dd48849a877132a-filelists.xml.gz**
**└── repomd.xml**
**3 directories, 34 files**
**[root@centos8 ~]# ls /var/www/html/centos/extras/**
**Packages repodata**
**[root@centos8 ~]# ls /var/www/html/centos/extras/Packages/**
**centos-release-advanced-virtualization-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-ansible-29-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-ceph-nautilus-1.2-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-ceph-octopus-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-configmanagement-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-gluster6-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-gluster7-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-gluster8-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-messaging-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-nfs-ganesha28-1.0-3.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-nfs-ganesha30-1.0-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-nfv-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-nfv-extras-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-nfv-openvswitch-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-openstack-train-2-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-openstack-ussuri-1-4.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-openstack-victoria-1-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-opstools-1-10.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-ovirt44-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-qpid-proton-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-rabbitmq-38-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-samba411-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-samba412-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-samba413-1.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-storage-common-2-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**centos-release-stream-8.1-1.1911.0.7.el8.x86_64.rpm**
**centos-release-virt-common-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm**
**cpaste-1.0.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm**
**elrepo-release-8.1-1.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm**
**epel-release-8-8.el8.noarch.rpm**
**[root@centos8 ~]# ls /var/www/html/centos/extras/repodata/**
**01c7718fa7c41b4c1b9a74c3d0f322545b80d51f9cfa67f70e3a634091cd5a6b-primary.xml.gz**
**230289bdb8f1ef53b5db2bba2fadfd90ab2d8044cb8ca6177e6ee7e96e15ff41-other.xml.gz**
**759cd358128b1bcd7f03f3e465a13daffff01073a2189f891dd48849a877132a-filelists.xml.gz**
**repomd.xml**
[root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[http://10.0.0.8/centos/](http://10.0.0.8/centos/)
1.jpg
如果打不开
[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
#关闭防火墙
[root@centos8 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
#关闭selinux，重启
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# vim test.repo
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=http://10.0.0.8/centos/extras/
gpgcheck=0
:wq
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist
repo id repo name
epel epel
extras extras
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist -v
Loaded plugins: builddep, changelog, config-manager, copr, debug, debuginfo-install, download, generate_completion_cache, needs-restarting, playground, repoclosure, repodiff, repograph, repomanage, reposync
YUM version: 4.2.17
cachedir: /var/cache/dnf
User-Agent: constructed: 'libdnf (CentOS Linux 8; generic; Linux.x86_64)'
epel 38 kB/s | 4.7 kB 00:00
reviving: 'epel' can be revived - repomd matches.
epel: using metadata from Sun 29 Nov 2020 09:04:32 AM CST.
repo: downloading from remote: extras
extras 495 kB/s | 8.6 kB 00:00
extras: using metadata from Thu 12 Nov 2020 09:42:22 PM CST.
No module defaults found
Completion plugin: Generating completion cache...
Repo-id : epel
Repo-name : epel
Repo-revision : 1606611842
Repo-updated : Sun 29 Nov 2020 09:04:32 AM CST
Repo-pkgs : 6,746
Repo-available-pkgs: 6,746
Repo-size : 9.7 G
Repo-baseurl : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Wed 02 Dec 2020 01:34:16 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo
Repo-id : extras
Repo-name : extras
Repo-revision : 1605188560
Repo-updated : Thu 12 Nov 2020 09:42:22 PM CST
Repo-pkgs : 30
Repo-available-pkgs: 30
Repo-size : 338 k
Repo-baseurl : http://10.0.0.8/centos/extras/
Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Wed 02 Dec 2020 02:30:48 PM CST)
Repo-filename : /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo
Total packages: 6,776
二.编译安装httpd
1.在CentOS 8上编译安装apache 2.4.43源码包，并启动此服务
http://httpd.apache.org/ apache官方网址
[root@centos8 cmatrix]# yum info httpd
Last metadata expiration check: 2:38:48 ago on Wed 02 Dec 2020 04:34:36 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name : httpd
Version : 2.4.37
Release : 21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 4.9 M
Source : httpd-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.src.rpm
Repository : @System
From repo : Appstream
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
URL : https://httpd.apache.org/
License : ASL 2.0
Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
[root@centos8 ~]# wget https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2 -P /usr/local/src
[root@centos8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@centos8 src]# ls
cmatrix cmatrix-v2.0-Butterscotch.tar httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2 tree-1.8.0.tgz
[root@centos8 src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
tar (child): lbzip2: Cannot exec: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@centos8 src]# dnf -y install bzip2
[root@centos8 src]# cd httpd-2.4.46
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE BuildAll.dsp configure.in include LICENSE README test
acinclude.m4 BuildBin.dsp docs INSTALL Makefile.in README.cmake VERSIONING
Apache-apr2.dsw buildconf emacs-style InstallBin.dsp Makefile.win README.platforms
Apache.dsw CHANGES httpd.dep LAYOUT modules ROADMAP
apache_probes.d CMakeLists.txt httpd.dsp libhttpd.dep NOTICE server
ap.d config.layout httpd.mak libhttpd.dsp NWGNUmakefile srclib
build configure httpd.spec libhttpd.mak os support
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# cat README
#README 告诉你软件怎么用的
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# cat INSTALL
#INSTALL 安装方法
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/apache2]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--runstatedir=DIR modifiable per-process data [LOCALSTATEDIR/run]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-layout=LAYOUT
--enable-dtrace Enable DTrace probes
--enable-hook-probes Enable APR hook probes
--enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook
--enable-load-all-modules
Load all modules
--enable-maintainer-mode
Turn on debugging and compile time warnings and load
all compiled modules
--enable-debugger-mode Turn on debugging and compile time warnings and turn
off optimization
--enable-pie Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable
--enable-modules=MODULE-LIST
Space-separated list of modules to enable | "all" |
"most" | "few" | "none" | "reallyall"
--enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST
Space-separated list of shared modules to enable |
"all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall"
--enable-mods-static=MODULE-LIST
Space-separated list of static modules to enable |
"all" | "most" | "few" | "reallyall"
--disable-authn-file file-based authentication control
--enable-authn-dbm DBM-based authentication control
--enable-authn-anon anonymous user authentication control
--enable-authn-dbd SQL-based authentication control
--enable-authn-socache Cached authentication control
--disable-authn-core core authentication module
--disable-authz-host host-based authorization control
--disable-authz-groupfile
'require group' authorization control
--disable-authz-user 'require user' authorization control
--enable-authz-dbm DBM-based authorization control
--enable-authz-owner 'require file-owner' authorization control
--enable-authz-dbd SQL based authorization and Login/Session support
--disable-authz-core core authorization provider vector module
--enable-authnz-ldap LDAP based authentication
--enable-authnz-fcgi FastCGI authorizer-based authentication and
authorization
--disable-access-compat mod_access compatibility
--disable-auth-basic basic authentication
--enable-auth-form form authentication
--enable-auth-digest RFC2617 Digest authentication
--enable-allowmethods restrict allowed HTTP methods
--enable-isapi isapi extension support
--enable-file-cache File cache
--enable-cache dynamic file caching. At least one storage
management module (e.g. mod_cache_disk) is also
necessary.
--enable-cache-disk disk caching module
--enable-cache-socache shared object caching module
--enable-socache-shmcb shmcb small object cache provider
--enable-socache-dbm dbm small object cache provider
--enable-socache-memcache
memcache small object cache provider
--enable-socache-redis redis small object cache provider
--enable-socache-dc distcache small object cache provider
--enable-so DSO capability. This module will be automatically
enabled unless you build all modules statically.
--enable-watchdog Watchdog module
--enable-macro Define and use macros in configuration files
--enable-dbd Apache DBD Framework
--enable-bucketeer buckets manipulation filter. Useful only for
developers and testing purposes.
--enable-dumpio I/O dump filter
--enable-echo ECHO server
--enable-example-hooks Example hook callback handler module
--enable-case-filter Example uppercase conversion filter
--enable-case-filter-in Example uppercase conversion input filter
--enable-example-ipc Example of shared memory and mutex usage
--enable-buffer Filter Buffering
--enable-data RFC2397 data encoder
--enable-ratelimit Output Bandwidth Limiting
--disable-reqtimeout Limit time waiting for request from client
--enable-ext-filter external filter module
--enable-request Request Body Filtering
--enable-include Server Side Includes
--disable-filter Smart Filtering
--enable-reflector Reflect request through the output filter stack
--enable-substitute response content rewrite-like filtering
--enable-sed filter request and/or response bodies through sed
--disable-charset-lite character set translation. Enabled by default only
on EBCDIC systems.
--enable-charset-lite character set translation. Enabled by default only
on EBCDIC systems.
--enable-deflate Deflate transfer encoding support
--enable-xml2enc i18n support for markup filters
--enable-proxy-html Fix HTML Links in a Reverse Proxy
--enable-brotli Brotli compression support
--enable-http HTTP protocol handling. The http module is a basic
one that enables the server to function as an HTTP
server. It is only useful to disable it if you want
to use another protocol module instead. Don't
disable this module unless you are really sure what
you are doing. Note: This module will always be
linked statically.
--disable-mime mapping of file-extension to MIME. Disabling this
module is normally not recommended.
--enable-ldap LDAP caching and connection pooling services
--disable-log-config logging configuration. You won't be able to log
requests to the server without this module.
--enable-log-debug configurable debug logging
--enable-log-forensic forensic logging
--enable-logio input and output logging
--enable-lua Apache Lua Framework
--enable-luajit Enable LuaJit Support
--disable-env clearing/setting of ENV vars
--enable-mime-magic automagically determining MIME type
--enable-cern-meta CERN-type meta files
--enable-expires Expires header control
--disable-headers HTTP header control
--enable-ident RFC 1413 identity check
--enable-usertrack user-session tracking
--enable-unique-id per-request unique ids
--disable-setenvif basing ENV vars on headers
--disable-version determining httpd version in config files
--enable-remoteip translate header contents to an apparent client
remote_ip
--enable-proxy Apache proxy module
--enable-proxy-connect Apache proxy CONNECT module. Requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-ftp Apache proxy FTP module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-http Apache proxy HTTP module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-fcgi Apache proxy FastCGI module. Requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-scgi Apache proxy SCGI module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-uwsgi Apache proxy UWSGI module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-fdpass Apache proxy to Unix Daemon Socket module. Requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-wstunnel Apache proxy Websocket Tunnel module. Requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-ajp Apache proxy AJP module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module. Requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-express mass reverse-proxy module. Requires --enable-proxy.
--enable-proxy-hcheck reverse-proxy health-check module. Requires
--enable-proxy and --enable-watchdog.
--enable-session session module
--enable-session-cookie session cookie module
--enable-session-crypto session crypto module
--enable-session-dbd session dbd module
--enable-slotmem-shm slotmem provider that uses shared memory
--enable-slotmem-plain slotmem provider that uses plain memory
--enable-ssl SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl)
--enable-ssl-staticlib-deps
link mod_ssl with dependencies of OpenSSL's static
libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config --static").
Must be specified in addition to --enable-ssl.
--enable-optional-hook-export
example optional hook exporter
--enable-optional-hook-import
example optional hook importer
--enable-optional-fn-import
example optional function importer
--enable-optional-fn-export
example optional function exporter
--enable-dialup rate limits static files to dialup modem speeds
--enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support
binaries
--enable-static-htpasswd
Build a statically linked version of htpasswd
--enable-static-htdigest
Build a statically linked version of htdigest
--enable-static-rotatelogs
Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs
--enable-static-logresolve
Build a statically linked version of logresolve
--enable-static-htdbm Build a statically linked version of htdbm
--enable-static-ab Build a statically linked version of ab
--enable-static-checkgid
Build a statically linked version of checkgid
--enable-static-htcacheclean
Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean
--enable-static-httxt2dbm
Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm
--enable-static-fcgistarter
Build a statically linked version of fcgistarter
--enable-http2 HTTP/2 protocol handling in addition to HTTP
protocol handling. Implemented by mod_http2. This
module requires a libnghttp2 installation. See
--with-nghttp2 on how to manage non-standard
locations. This module is usually linked shared and
requires loading.
--enable-nghttp2-staticlib-deps
link mod_http2 with dependencies of libnghttp2's
static libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config
--static"). Must be specified in addition to
--enable-http2.
--enable-proxy-http2 HTTP/2 proxy module. This module requires a
libnghttp2 installation. See --with-nghttp2 on how
to manage non-standard locations. Also requires
--enable-proxy.
--enable-md Managed Domain handling
--enable-jansson-staticlib-deps
link mod_md with dependencies of libjansson's static
libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config --static").
Must be specified in addition to --enable-md.
--enable-curl-staticlib-deps
link mod_md with dependencies of libcurl's static
libraries (as indicated by "pkg-config --static").
Must be specified in addition to --enable-md.
--enable-lbmethod-byrequests
Apache proxy Load balancing by request counting
--enable-lbmethod-bytraffic
Apache proxy Load balancing by traffic counting
--enable-lbmethod-bybusyness
Apache proxy Load balancing by busyness
--enable-lbmethod-heartbeat
Apache proxy Load balancing from Heartbeats
--enable-mpms-shared=MPM-LIST
Space-separated list of MPM modules to enable for
dynamic loading. MPM-LIST=list | "all"
--enable-unixd unix specific support
--enable-privileges Per-virtualhost Unix UserIDs and enhanced security
for Solaris
--enable-systemd Systemd support
--enable-heartbeat Generates Heartbeats
--enable-heartmonitor Collects Heartbeats
--enable-dav WebDAV protocol handling. --enable-dav also enables
mod_dav_fs
--disable-status process/thread monitoring
--disable-autoindex directory listing
--enable-asis as-is filetypes
--enable-info server information
--enable-suexec set uid and gid for spawned processes
--enable-cgid CGI scripts. Enabled by default with threaded MPMs
--enable-cgi CGI scripts. Enabled by default with non-threaded
MPMs
--enable-dav-fs DAV provider for the filesystem. --enable-dav also
enables mod_dav_fs.
--enable-dav-lock DAV provider for generic locking
--enable-vhost-alias mass virtual hosting module
--enable-negotiation content negotiation
--disable-dir directory request handling
--enable-imagemap server-side imagemaps
--enable-actions Action triggering on requests
--enable-speling correct common URL misspellings
--enable-userdir mapping of requests to user-specific directories
--disable-alias mapping of requests to different filesystem parts
--enable-rewrite rule based URL manipulation
--enable-suexec-capabilities
Use Linux capability bits not setuid root suexec
--enable-v4-mapped Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-included-apr Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util
--with-apr=PATH prefix for installed APR or the full path to
apr-config
--with-apr-util=PATH prefix for installed APU or the full path to
apu-config
--with-pcre=PATH Use external PCRE library
--with-port=PORT Port on which to listen (default is 80)
--with-sslport=SSLPORT Port on which to securelisten (default is 443)
--with-distcache=PATH Distcache installation directory
--with-z=PATH use a specific zlib library
--with-libxml2=PATH location for libxml2
--with-brotli=PATH Brotli installation directory
--with-lua=PATH Path to the Lua 5.3/5.2/5.1 prefix
--with-ssl=PATH OpenSSL installation directory
--with-nghttp2=PATH nghttp2 installation directory
--with-jansson=PATH jansson installation directory
--with-curl=PATH curl installation directory
--with-mpm=MPM Choose the process model for Apache to use by
default. MPM={event|worker|prefork|winnt} This will
be statically linked as the only available MPM
unless --enable-mpms-shared is also specified.
--with-module=module-type:module-file
Enable module-file in the modules/<module-type>
directory.
--with-program-name alternate executable name
--with-suexec-bin Path to suexec binary
--with-suexec-caller User allowed to call SuExec
--with-suexec-userdir User subdirectory
--with-suexec-docroot SuExec root directory
--with-suexec-uidmin Minimal allowed UID
--with-suexec-gidmin Minimal allowed GID
--with-suexec-logfile Set the logfile
--with-suexec-syslog Use syslog for suexec logging
--with-suexec-safepath Set the safepath
--with-suexec-umask umask for suexec'd process
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CPP C preprocessor
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
#提示缺失 APR
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# dnf -y install apr-devel
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... no
configure: error: APR-util not found. Please read the documentation.
#提示缺少 APR-util
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# dnf -y install apr-util-devel
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
#提示缺少 PCRE
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# dnf -y install pcre-devel
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
...
configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old
no
checking whether to enable mod_ssl... configure: error: mod_ssl has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures
#提示缺少 mod-ssl，这就是openssl
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# dnf -y install openssl-devel
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# make -j 2 && make install
...
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
make[4]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/aaa/modules.mk:2: mod_authn_file.la] Error 1
make[4]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
make[4]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/aaa/modules.mk:4: mod_authn_dbm.la] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/aaa'
make[3]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules/aaa'
make[2]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/modules'
make[1]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46'
#提示 缺少redhat/redhat-hardened-ld文件
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# yum provides *redhat-hardened-ld*
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:39 ago on Wed 02 Dec 2020 07:35:03 PM CST.
redhat-rpm-config-122-1.el8.noarch : CentOS specific rpm configuration files
Repo : Appstream
Matched from:
Other : *redhat-hardened-ld*
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# dnf -y install redhat-rpm-config-122-1.el8.noarch
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# tree /apps/httpd/
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# /apps/httpd/bin/apachectl start
#启动程序
1.png
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
#加入变量
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# apachectl stop
#关闭服务
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# apachectl
#启动服务
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ps aux
...
daemon 39478 0.0 0.4 1337052 7688 ? Sl 19:47 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
daemon 39479 0.0 0.5 1337052 9728 ? Sl 19:47 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
daemon 39480 0.0 0.7 1337052 13808 ? Sl 19:47 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
root 39565 0.0 0.2 57820 3928 pts/0 R+ 19:49 0:00 ps aux
#程序还以daemon 身份运行
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# vim /apps/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#把下面两行
User daemon
Group daemon
#改成下面内容User apache
Group apache
:wq
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# apachectl restart
#重新启动服务
[root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]# ps aux |grep apache
apache 39579 0.0 0.4 1337052 7728 ? Sl 19:53 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
apache 39580 0.0 0.6 1337052 11808 ? Sl 19:53 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
apache 39581 0.0 0.5 1337052 9768 ? Sl 19:53 0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
root 39666 0.0 0.0 12108 1064 pts/0 S+ 19:54 0:00 grep --color=auto apache
2.一键编译安装httpd脚本
[root@centos8 ~]# cat centos8_install_httpd_2.4.46.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#*************************************************************
#Author: zhanghui
#QQ: 19661891
#Date: 2020-12-02
#FileName: centos8_install_httpd_2.4.46.sh
#URL: www.neteagles.cn
#Description: The test script
#Copyright (C): 2020 All rights reserved
#*************************************************************
URL=https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/
FILE=httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
INSTALL_DIR=/apps/httpd24
SUFFIX=`echo $FILE | sed -rn 's/.*\.([^.]+)$/\1/p'`
PACKAGE=`echo $FILE | sed -rn 's/^(.*[0-9.]+)\.[[:alpha:]]+.*$/\1/p'`
SUBDIR=`basename $INSTALL_DIR`
echo -e "\033[1;31mStart install httpd 2.4.46\033[0m"
sleep 5
yum install -y wget bzip2 gcc make apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config
cd /usr/local/src/
wget $URL$FILE
case $SUFFIX in
gz|bz2|xz)
tar xf $FILE
;;
zip)
unzip $FILE
;;
*)
echo "不支持此后缀:$SUFFIX"
exit 10
esac
cd $PACKAGE/
./configure \
--prefix=$INSTALL_DIR \
--sysconfdir=/etc/$SUBDIR \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-so
make && make install
echo 'PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/$SUBDIR.sh
source /etc/profile.d/$SUBDIR.sh
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache
sed -i -e 's/^User.*/User apache/' -e 's/^Group.*/Group apache/' /etc/$SUBDIR/httpd.conf
sed -ri 's@(^.*<h1>)(.*)(</h1>.*$)@\1welcome to www.neteagles.cn\3@' $INSTALL_DIR/htdocs/index.html
apachectl start
echo -e "\033[1;31mhttpd2.4.46 is installed\033[0m"
root@ubuntu18:~# cat ubuntu_install_httpd_2.4.46.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#*************************************************************
#Author: zhanghui
#QQ: 19661891
#Date: 2020-11-22
#FileName: ubuntu_install_httpd_2.4.46.sh
#URL: www.neteagles.cn
#Description: The test script
#Copyright (C): 2020 All rights reserved
#*************************************************************
URL=https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/
FILE=httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
INSTALL_DIR=/apps/httpd24
SUFFIX=`echo $FILE | sed -rn 's/.*\.([^.]+)$/\1/p'`
PACKAGE=`echo $FILE | sed -rn 's/^(.*[0-9.]+)\.[[:alpha:]]+.*$/\1/p'`
SUBDIR=`basename $INSTALL_DIR`
echo -e "\033[1;31mStart install httpd 2.4.46\033[0m"
sleep 5
apt -y install gcc make libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libssl-dev
cd /usr/local/src/
wget $URL$FILE
case $SUFFIX in
gz|bz2|xz)
tar xf $FILE
;;
zip)
unzip $FILE
;;
*)
echo "不支持此后缀:$SUFFIX"
exit 10
esac
cd $PACKAGE/
./configure \
--prefix=$INSTALL_DIR \
--sysconfdir=/etc/$SUBDIR \
--enable-ssl \
--enable-so
make && make install
echo 'PATH=$INSTALL_DIR/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/$SUBDIR.sh
source /etc/profile.d/$SUBDIR.sh
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache
sed -i -e 's/^User.*/User apache/' -e 's/^Group.*/Group apache/' /etc/$SUBDIR/httpd.conf
sed -ri 's@(^.*<h1>)(.*)(</h1>.*$)@\1welcome to www.neteagles.cn\3@' $INSTALL_DIR/htdocs/index.html
apachectl start
echo -e "\033[1;31mhttpd2.4.46 is installed\033[0m"
三.LVM
1、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；需求PE大小为16MB，而后在卷组中的创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录
[root@centos8 ~]# scandisk
[root@centos8 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 15G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 7.7G 0 rom
#添加两块硬盘sdb、sdc
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs /dev/sd{b,c}
-bash: pvs: command not found
[root@centos8 ~]# dnf -y install lvm2
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs
[root@centos8 ~]# vgs
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
[root@centos8 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{b,c} #把两块硬盘加到物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 15.00g 15.00g
/dev/sdc lvm2 --- 5.00g 5.00g
[root@centos8 ~]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sd{b,c} #把 /dev/sdb和/dev/sdc加入到卷组，块大小为16M
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@centos8 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 0 0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb testvg lvm2 a-- 14.98g 14.98g
/dev/sdc testvg lvm2 a-- 4.98g 4.98g
[root@centos8 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB #卷组大小20G
PE Size 16.00 MiB #块大小为16M
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID ICjCEw-pbWT-0jUt-f4hV-lDOJ-YSSq-o3tq5U
[root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testvg #创建逻辑卷testlv，大小5G
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@centos8 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID aPZyRk-7n9N-P7ol-ZwJv-2LHI-aOm2-8tED5j
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos8.neteagles.cn, 2020-12-06 19:54:00 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 320
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@centos8 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv #创建逻辑卷文件系统
mke2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Creating filesystem with 1310720 4k blocks and 327680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 81a7eb1b-72ae-4d5c-9d0f-44a3daa14610
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@centos8 ~]# mkdir /users
[root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/ #挂载逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 884M 0 884M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 8.7M 892M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 xfs 100G 2.1G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 135M 775M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4 4.9G 20M 4.6G 1% /users #已被挂载
2、新建用户archlinux，需求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录
[root@centos8 ~]# useradd -d /users/archlinux archlinux
[root@centos8 ~]# getent passwd archlinux
archlinux:x:1001:1001::/users/archlinux:/bin/bash
[root@centos8 ~]# su archlinux
[archlinux@centos8 root]$ cp -r /etc/pam.d ~
[archlinux@centos8 root]$ ll -a /users/archlinux/
total 28
drwx------ 3 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 6 19:56 ..
-rw------- 1 archlinux archlinux 93 Dec 6 19:57 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 18 Nov 9 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 141 Nov 9 2019 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 312 Nov 9 2019 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:56 pam.d
3、扩展testlv至7G，需求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
[archlinux@centos8 root]$ exit
exit
[root@centos8 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 1 0 wz--n- <19.97g <14.97g #卷组可用空间为15G
[root@centos8 ~]# lvextend -r -L +2G /dev/testvg/testlv
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 5.00 GiB (320 extents) to 7.00 GiB (448 extents).
Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is now 1835008 (4k) blocks long.
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 7.00g
[root@centos8 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 884M 0 884M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 8.7M 892M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 xfs 100G 2.1G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 135M 775M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4 6.9G 23M 6.5G 1% /users
[root@centos8 ~]# ll -a /users/archlinux/
total 28
drwx------ 3 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 6 19:56 ..
-rw------- 1 archlinux archlinux 93 Dec 6 19:57 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 18 Nov 9 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 141 Nov 9 2019 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 312 Nov 9 2019 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:56 pam.d #数据还在
4、收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
[root@centos8 ~]# umount /dev/testvg/testlv #取消挂载
[root@centos8 ~]# fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv #检查文件系统
fsck from util-linux 2.32.1
e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: 40/458752 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 50972/1835008 blocks
[root@centos8 ~]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G #缩减文件系统
resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 (4k) blocks long.
[root@centos8 ~]# lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv #缩减逻辑卷
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents).
Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized.
[root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/ #挂载逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 884M 0 884M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 8.7M 892M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 xfs 100G 2.1G 98G 3% /
/dev/sda3 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 ext4 976M 135M 775M 15% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv ext4 2.9G 16M 2.8G 1% /users #现在已经缩减至3G
[root@centos8 ~]# ll -a /users/archlinux/
total 28
drwx------ 3 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:57 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Dec 6 19:56 ..
-rw------- 1 archlinux archlinux 93 Dec 6 19:57 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 18 Nov 9 2019 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 141 Nov 9 2019 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 archlinux archlinux 312 Nov 9 2019 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:56 pam.d
#数据还在
5、对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 3.00g #逻辑卷还有未使用空间
[root@centos8 ~]# lvcreate -s -L 1G -n testlv-snapshot -p r /dev/testvg/testlv
Logical volume "testlv-snapshot" created.
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg owi-aos--- 3.00g
testlv-snapshot testvg sri-a-s--- 1.00g testlv 0.01
[root@centos8 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID aPZyRk-7n9N-P7ol-ZwJv-2LHI-aOm2-8tED5j
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time centos8.neteagles.cn, 2020-12-06 19:54:00 +0800
LV snapshot status source of
testlv-snapshot [active]
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 192
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot
LV Name testlv-snapshot
VG Name testvg
LV UUID PvdE7T-kJCO-ogxX-bjZ3-jRbT-SwVn-z9KqJ9
LV Write Access read only
LV Creation host, time centos8.neteagles.cn, 2020-12-06 20:12:33 +0800
LV snapshot status active destination for testlv
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 192
COW-table size 1.00 GiB
COW-table LE 64
Allocated to snapshot 0.01%
Snapshot chunk size 4.00 KiB
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3
[root@centos8 ~]# mkdir /mnt/testlv-snapshot
[root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot /mnt/testlv-snapshot/
mount: /mnt/testlv-snapshot: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /mnt/testlv-snapshot/
archlinux lost+found
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /users/
archlinux lost+found
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /users/archlinux/
pam.d
[root@centos8 ~]# rm -rf /users/archlinux/pam.d/ #删除逻辑卷中的牡蛎
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /users/archlinux/ #逻辑卷中已经没有了
[root@centos8 ~]# ls /mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/
pam.d
#快照中还在
[root@centos8 ~]# rm -rf /mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/runuser': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/polkit-1': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/systemd-user': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/passwd': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/password-auth': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/vmtoolsd': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/system-auth': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/vlock': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/runuser-l': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/sssd-shadowutils': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/su': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/postlogin': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/remote': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/sudo-i': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/fingerprint-auth': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/sshd': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/config-util': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/su-l': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/smartcard-auth': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/sudo': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/other': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/login': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/mnt/testlv-snapshot/archlinux/pam.d/crond': Read-only file system
#快照中的文件不能删除
[root@centos8 ~]# umount /dev/testvg/testlv #取消挂载逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]# umount /mnt/testlv-snapshot/ #取消挂载快照
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg owi-a-s--- 3.00g
testlv-snapshot testvg sri-a-s--- 1.00g testlv 0.01
[root@centos8 ~]# lvconvert --merge /dev/testvg/testlv-snapshot #合并快照
Merging of volume testvg/testlv-snapshot started.
testvg/testlv: Merged: 100.00%
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 3.00g #快照只是一次性的，还原过后就没有了
[root@centos8 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/
#挂载逻辑卷
[root@centos8 ~]# ll /users/
total 20
drwx------ 3 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:57 archlinux
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 6 19:54 lost+found
[root@centos8 ~]# ll /users/archlinux/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Dec 6 19:56 pam.d
#还原成做快照时的文件了
6.删除逻辑卷、卷组、物理卷
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 3.00g
[root@centos8 ~]# umount /dev/testvg/testlv #取消逻辑卷挂载
[root@centos8 ~]# lvremove /dev/testvg/testlv #删除逻辑卷
Do you really want to remove active logical volume testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "testlv" successfully removed
[root@centos8 ~]# lvs
[root@centos8 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 0 0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[root@centos8 ~]# vgremove testvg #删除卷组
Volume group "testvg" successfully removed
[root@centos8 ~]# vgs
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb lvm2 --- 15.00g 15.00g
/dev/sdc lvm2 --- 5.00g 5.00g
[root@centos8 ~]# pvremove /dev/sd{b,c} #删除逻辑卷
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped.
[root@centos8 ~]# pvs
[root@centos8 ~]# lvblk
-bash: lvblk: command not found
[root@centos8 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 15G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 7.7G 0 rom
