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之前总结的第一类 Listener,监听的是 ServletContext、HttpSession和ServletRequest 这三个对象的创建和销毁,接下来要介绍的第二类 Listener分别是ServletRequestAttributeListener、ServletContextAttributeListener和HttpSessionAttributeListener。
从名字不难看出,他们是监听各自对象中属性的Listener,每当对象的属性发生变化(增加、修改或者删除),相应的监听器将会收到通知。XXXXXXAttributeListener 中方法的名称相同,以HttpSessionAttributeListener接口为例:
package javax.servlet.http;
import java.util.EventListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
public interface HttpSessionAttributeListener extends EventListener {
default void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
default void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
default void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
}
attributeAdded()
、attributeRemoved()
、attributeReplaced
分别在 Session 中的属性被添加、移除和改变时被调用,从参数HttpSessionBindingEvent中可以获得 Session 的详细信息:
public String login(){
HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();
session.setAttribute("UserName", username);
session.setAttribute("UserName", "defaultUserName");
session.removeAttribute("UserName");
return SUCCESS;
}
//自定义MyHttpSessionAttributeListener
public class MyHttpSessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyHttpSessionAttributeListener.class);
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
logger.debug("attributeAdded: Name: "+ se.getName()+"; Value: "+ se.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
logger.debug("attributeRemoved: Name: "+ se.getName()+"; Value: "+ se.getValue());
}
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
logger.debug("attributeReplaced: Name: "+ se.getName()+"; Value: "+ se.getValue());
}
}
在模拟登陆的函数中对 Session 进行一系列操作,可以看到控制台输出信息:
与 HttpSessionAttributeListener 的作用类似,ServletContextAttributeListener和ServletContextAttributeListener接口都提供了以上三个方法,用法也大致相同,下面直接给出实现了ServletContextAttributeListener和ServletContextAttributeListener接口的两个自定义 Listener 类。
MyServletContextAttributeListener.java:
//...
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServletContextAttributeListener.class);
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeReplaced: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeRemoved: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeAdded: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
}
MyServletRequestAttributeListener.java:
public class MyServletRequestAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServletRequestAttributeListener.class);
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeReplaced: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeRemoved: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
logger.debug("attributeAdded: Name: "+ scae.getName()+"; Value: "+ scae.getValue());
}
}
将之前login
函数中的代码进行修改,使其操作 ServletContext 、Request 和 Session 中的 Attribute,再看控制台的输出:
函数 login():
public String login(){
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("UserName", username);
session.setAttribute("UserName", "defaultUserName");
session.removeAttribute("UserName");
servletContext.setAttribute("UserName", username);
servletContext.setAttribute("UserName", "defaultUserName");
servletContext.removeAttribute("UserName");
request.setAttribute("UserName", username);
request.setAttribute("UserName", "defaultUserName");
request.removeAttribute("UserName");
return SUCCESS;
}
进行一次 Request 请求时控制台的输出:
由于在调用 login()
方法之前页面已经进行过一次访问,第二次访问时并没有创建或销毁 Session,所以这里只有 RequestListener 进行了响应。
基于上一篇文章的监听对象创建和销毁的 Listener,再加上监听对象属性的 Listener,实际使用中可以将自定义 Listener 同时继承两种接口,将对象的监听事件放于一处,提高代码的可维护性:
以 HttpSession 对象的监听为例:
//...
public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener{
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyHttpSessionListener.class);
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
logger.debug("sessionCreated");
logger.debug(se.getSession().getId());
}
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
logger.debug("sessionDestroyed");
}
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
}
}