AIDL
跨进程通信(IPC)的方式很多,AIDL只是其中的一种,还有Bundle,文件共享,Messenger,ContentProvider和Socket等进程间通信方式,AIDL是接口定义的语言,具体的通信还要用Binder来进行,Binder是Android独有的跨进程通信,只需要一次拷贝。
- 使用的大致流程:
- 创建.aidl文件,此文件定义带有方法签名的编程接口。
- 实现接口: AndroidSDK会根据你的.aidl文件,使用java编程语言生成接口,接口拥有一个名为Stub的内部抽象类,用于扩展Binder类并非且实现AIDL接口中的方法,必须扩展Stub类 并实现这些方法。
- 向客户端提供接口,实现Service并重写onBind() 返回Stub类的实现。
- 定义aidl接口
定义好客户端和服务端的AIDL接口,客户端调用,服务端实现,
interface IPersonManager {
List<Person> getPersonList();
//in: 从客户端流向服务端
boolean addPerson(in Person person);
}
AIDL文件中不是所有的数据类型都支持的
- Java的基本数据类型(int long char boolen等)
- String 和 CharSequence
- List只支持ArrayList
- Map只支持HashMap
- Parcelable 所有实现了Parcelable的接口对象
指示数据走向的方向标记: - in:客户端流向服务端
- out:服务端流向客户端
- inout:双向流通
定义一个传输的对象:
class Person(var name: String? = "") : Parcelable {
constructor(parcel: Parcel) : this(parcel.readString())
override fun toString(): String {
return "Person(name=$name) hashcode = ${hashCode()}"
}
override fun writeToParcel(parcel: Parcel, flags: Int) {
parcel.writeString(name)
}
fun readFromParcel(parcel: Parcel) {
this.name = parcel.readString()
}
override fun describeContents(): Int {
return 0
}
companion object CREATOR : Parcelable.Creator<Person> {
override fun createFromParcel(parcel: Parcel): Person {
return Person(parcel)
}
override fun newArray(size: Int): Array<Person?> {
return arrayOfNulls(size)
}
}
新建一个Person.aidl 都完成以后AS会自动成一段代码 IPersonManager.java
package com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl;
public interface IPersonManager extends android.os.IInterface {
/**
* Default implementation for IPersonManager.
*/
public static class Default implements com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager {
@Override
public java.util.List<com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person> getPersonList() throws android.os.RemoteException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean addPerson(com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException {
return false;
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Local-side IPC implementation stub class.
*/
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager {
private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager";
/**
* Construct the stub at attach it to the interface.
*/
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
/**
* Cast an IBinder object into an com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager interface,
* generating a proxy if needed.
*/
public static com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager))) {
return ((com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager) iin);
}
return new com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return this;
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
java.lang.String descriptor = DESCRIPTOR;
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
reply.writeString(descriptor);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_getPersonList: {
data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
java.util.List<com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person> _result = this.getPersonList();
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeTypedList(_result);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_addPerson: {
data.enforceInterface(descriptor);
com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person _arg0;
if ((0 != data.readInt())) {
_arg0 = com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
} else {
_arg0 = null;
}
boolean _result = this.addPerson(_arg0);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(((_result) ? (1) : (0)));
return true;
}
default: {
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
}
}
private static class Proxy implements com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager {
private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return mRemote;
}
public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
return DESCRIPTOR;
}
@Override
public java.util.List<com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person> getPersonList() throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
java.util.List<com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person> _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getPersonList, _data, _reply, 0);
if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
return getDefaultImpl().getPersonList();
}
_reply.readException();
_result = _reply.createTypedArrayList(com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person.CREATOR);
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
@Override
public boolean addPerson(com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
boolean _result;
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
if ((person != null)) {
_data.writeInt(1);
person.writeToParcel(_data, 0);
} else {
_data.writeInt(0);
}
boolean _status = mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addPerson, _data, _reply, 0);
if (!_status && getDefaultImpl() != null) {
return getDefaultImpl().addPerson(person);
}
_reply.readException();
_result = (0 != _reply.readInt());
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
return _result;
}
public static com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager sDefaultImpl;
}
static final int TRANSACTION_getPersonList = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
static final int TRANSACTION_addPerson = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1);
public static boolean setDefaultImpl(com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager impl) {
// Only one user of this interface can use this function
// at a time. This is a heuristic to detect if two different
// users in the same process use this function.
if (Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("setDefaultImpl() called twice");
}
if (impl != null) {
Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl = impl;
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.IPersonManager getDefaultImpl() {
return Stub.Proxy.sDefaultImpl;
}
}
public java.util.List<com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person> getPersonList() throws android.os.RemoteException;
public boolean addPerson(com.xfhy.allinone.ipc.aidl.Person person) throws android.os.RemoteException;
}
IPersonManager是继承了一个android.os.llterface的interface, 然后就是一个Default类,默认实现了IPersonManger,抽象类Stub类继承了android.os.Binder,并且实现了IPersonManager接口,相当于扩展了Binder,因为继承了Binder
- asInterface 方法用于将服务端的Binder对象转换成客户端所需要的接口对象,如果再同一个进程就返回服务端的Stub对象本身,不是就会返回封装后的Stub.proxy对象。
- onTransact 是运行再服务端的Binder线程中的,当客户端发起远程请求后,在底层封装好后交给此方法来处理,通过code来区分客户端请求的方法。
- 服务端实现接口
定义一个Service把process设置成一个新的进程,与主进程区分开,实现,aidl成的接口
class RemoteService : Service() {
private val mPersonList = mutableListOf<Person?>()
private val mBinder: Binder = object : IPersonManager.Stub() {
override fun getPersonList(): MutableList<Person?> = mPersonList
override fun addPerson(person: Person?): Boolean {
return mPersonList.add(person)
}
}
override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? {
return mBinder
}
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
mPersonList.add(Person("Garen"))
mPersonList.add(Person("Darius"))
}
}
实现的IPersonManager.Stub是一个Binder 通过onBind()返回,客户端通过这个Binder来跨进程调用Service这边的服务。
一张图片大体就是这个意思