之前一直使用postman来测试网络请求,但几种参数格式傻傻仍分不清楚。直到最近一个项目的时候,在postman使用form-data测试没问题,但在iOS请求后端一直报请求类型错误,所以重新梳理了相关知识。
今天我们来看看postman的几种参数格式。
**1. form-data **
即multipart/form-data,它将表单的数据组织成Key-Value形式,用分隔符boundary(boundary可任意设置)处理成一条消息。
由于有boundary隔离,所以既可以上传文件,也可以上传参数。
POST HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 59227787-c438-361d-fbe1-75feeb78047e
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filekey"; filename=""
Content-Type:
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="textkey"
tttttt
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--
**2. x-www-form-urlencoded **
即application/x-www-from-urlencoded,将表单内的数据转换为Key-Value。
POST HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: e00dbaf5-15e8-3667-6fc5-48ee3cc89758
key1=value1&key2=value2
**3. raw **
可以上传任意格式的【文本】,可以上传text、json、xml、html等
POST HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 05a064d2-fa79-10c0-caba-15ca5d1a940f
{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}
**4. binary **
即Content-Type:application/octet-stream,只可以上传二进制数据,通常用来上传文件。由于没有键值,所以一次只能上传一个文件。
POST HTTP/1.1
Host: test.app.com
Cache-Control: no-cache
Postman-Token: 5ad66f08-6faa-aba0-744a-ca958b1a0fc2
undefined
提醒:
multipart/form-data与x-www-form-urlencoded区别:
html中的form 表单有两种:application/x-www-form-urlencoded和multipart/form-data。application/x-www-form-urlencoded是默认的MIME内容编码类型,它在传输比较大的二进制或者文本数据时效率极低。
MIME:
简单说,MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器,而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型,服务器将 MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。
multipart/form-data:既可以上传文件等二进制数据,也可以上传表单键值对,只是最后会转化为一条信息。当设置multipart/form-data,http会忽略 contentType 属性。
x-www-form-urlencoded:只能上传键值对,不能用于文件上传。不同的field是用&区分开的。
这两个类均实现了HttpEntity接口,使用如下:
public static String testUpload(String url) {
String result = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment)
.build();
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} finally {
response.close();
httpclient.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}
public static String testParam(String url) {
String result = null;
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpclient = HttpsHelper.newHttpsCloseableClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key1", "value1"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key2", "value2"));
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params));
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
CloseableHttpResponse httpResp = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
try {
int statusCode = httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
}
} finally {
httpResp.close();
httpclient.close();
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return result;
}