更详细的可以参考官方文档：https://docs.python.org/2/library/optparse.html
快速入门参考这篇文章：https://www.jianshu.com/p/bec089061742

[root@shuffle-dev py_test]$ vim parse.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from optparse import OptionParser

if __name__ == '__main__':
    usage=("Usage: python parse.py --name --password")
    parser=OptionParser(usage=usage)                                                                                               
    parser.add_option("--name",action="store",dest="name",metavar="NAME",help="name eg:shuffle")
    parser.add_option("--password",action="store",dest="pwd",metavar="PASSWORD",help="password eg:123")
    (options,args)=parser.parse_args()
    print options,args
    if not (options.name and options.pwd):
        parser.error("specify --name --password")
    name=options.name
    pwd=options.pwd
    print name,pwd

[root@shuffle-dev py_test]$ ./parse.py -h
Usage: python parse.py --name --password

Options:
  -h, --help           show this help message and exit
  --name=NAME          name eg:shuffle
  --password=PASSWORD  password eg:123

[root@shuffle-dev py_test]$ ./parse.py 
{'pwd': None, 'name': None} []
Usage: python parse.py --name --password

parse.py: error: specify --name --password

[root@shuffle-dev py_test]$ ./parse.py --name shuffle --password 123
{'pwd': '123', 'name': 'shuffle'} []
shuffle 123