沟通与协作

How we communicate plays a vital role in the workplace. The words we choose, how we say or write them, our facial expressions, body language, and even our ability to listen all work together when communicating with people. In survey after survey, the ability to communicate with others is the number one skill employers look for when hiring. The growth in information communication technology tools has made communication skills more important than ever before. Organizations are communicating using online meeting programs, webcams(网络摄像头), real-time customer service chats(实时客服聊天), blogs, and social media outlets((感情、思想、精力发泄的)出路;表现机会;专营店;经销店;折扣品经销店), just to name a few. Whether your goal is to be a business owner or an employee of a business or organization, understanding the different types of communication skills is essential.

In this lesson, you will learn oral and written communication skills as well as key skills needed for collaboration.

Using Oral Skills

Oral ^①(or verbal^②) communication is the sharing of information between individuals by using speech. Oral communication consists of the words we speak, the way we form those words, and the tone in which we speak them. In the workplace, saying the wrong thing can cost you your job and can even have legal ramifications^③. Employers may or may not have written policies on oral communication guidelines. Whether they do or don't, it is expected that you communicate clearly, use appropriate language, and communicate within the laws and regulations^④ of the organization.

①口头的
②文字的;言语的;
③(众多复杂而又难以预料的)结果，后果，ramification的复数
④章程;规章制度;规则;法规;(运用规则条例的)管理，控制
regulation的复数

Using Writing Skills

Written communication consists of anything that is written. The expansion of communication technology in our workplace has placed a strong emphasis on written communication skills. From Tweets^⑤ and emails to blogs and live chats, the writing skills of the "sender^⑥ " are on center stage^⑦, being read and reviewed by others. To write effectively in school and the workplace, you should:

①Know your audience.

②Format business documents properly.

③Focus on content and style.

④Proofread ^⑧thoroughly ^⑨and revise ^⑩accordingly^⑪.

⑤Be concise^⑫.

⑤ 发言量;鸣叫;
⑥ 发送人;邮寄人
⑦ n. (发展或进展的)时期，阶段，状态;段;步;步骤;(多指剧场中的)舞台
v. 上演;举办;举行;组织;筹划;使发生;使出现
⑧ v. 仔细校对;及时校读
⑨ adv. 非常;极其;彻底;完全;仔细;缜密
⑩ v. 改变，修改(意见或计划);修改，修订(书刊、估算等);复习;温习
⑪ adv. 照着;相应地;因此;所以
⑫ adj.简明的;简练的;简洁的;简略的;简缩的

Using Nonverbal^⑬ Communication

Nonverbal communication consists of body language and the cues ^⑭that are given off while listening to someone else. Whether it's a conversation at a cubicle^⑮ or during a formal meeting in a conference room, how we sit, stand, and use facial expressions all send nonverbal messages. When involved in a formal workplace conversation or meeting, follow these nonverbal communication tips:

①Nod your head to acknowledge you are listening^⑯.

②Make eye contact with whomever is speaking to you.

③Show an open body (keep shoulders back and arms uncrossed).

⑬ 非语言的;非语言;非言语的;非语言文字;非文字
⑭ n.暗示;提示;信号;(戏剧的)提示，尾白;(台球等的)球杆，弹子棒
v.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
cue的第三人称单数和复数
⑮ n.(大房间分隔出的)小房间，隔间
⑯ 点头表示你在听。

Collaboration and Teamwork

Communication is particularly important as it applies to collaboration and teamwork（沟通尤其重要，因为它适用于协作和团队合作。）. Teamwork is defined (定义)as the cooperative^❶ or coordinated ^❷effort on the part of a group of persons acting together as a team or in the interests of a common cause(为了共同的事业). Businesses rely on teams to work together to achieve a defined set of one or more goals within a certain timeline or deadline. To be on a team, you must be a team player, which is a person who works well as a member of a team or group. Teammates must communicate regularly to ensure that each person knows how they will contribute and when they must complete their work so that the team reaches its goal. Collaborating with others in this way may be required of you on many occasions.

❶ adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;配合的;共享的
n.合作企业;合作社组织
❷v.使协调; 使相配合; 使(身体各部分)动作协调; 协同动作;(衣服、家具等)搭配，协调 coordinate的过去分词和过去式

Human relations—or the interpersonal^❸ and group interactions^❹ of employees—are a major factor in how businesses and teams function. Developing good human relations skills helps create healthy relationships between team members and a more positive workplace environment, which then improves employees' ability to collaborate. Consider a team member who is unapproachable^❺, often late to meetings, and rarely contributes his share of the work. While he may be proficient^❻ in technical aspects of his job, he has poor human relations skills and is probably considered difficult to work with by teammates and supervisors. On the other hand, a team member who is friendly, communicates well, and is eager to contribute will have a much better chance at success in the workplace. Communication is a key factor in human relations—in order to succeed, team members must not only clearly convey messages, but also be able to listen to those around them. Other characteristics such as cooperativeness(合作精神) and respect can enhance team dynamics ^❼and keep day-to-day（每天的） operations running smoothly.

❸adj. 人际关系的;人际的
❹n.相互影响（作用，制约，配合）；交互作用（影响）；交相感应；干扰（涉）
❺adj.不友好的;难接近的;不好说话的
❻adj. 熟练的;娴熟的;精通的;训练有素的 n. 能手;老手;专家
❼n.(人或事物)相互作用的方式，动态;力学;动力学;动力 dynamic的复数